Article 9 (2) provides that “Freedom to manifest one’s religion or beliefs shall be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of public safety, for the protection of public order, health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.”

“Public order” [l'ordre public]is a term of art and its closest English equivalent is “public policy.” Where a balancing act is required, the Court, like European courts in general, allows national legislatures a wide “margin of appreciation.”

“Public order” [l'ordre public]is a term of art and its closest English equivalent is “public policy”