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Elizabeth Scalia

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Wrangling on Liturgy

A few days ago Inside Catholic re-ran a piece of mine from 2007, wherein I related personal experiences with “old” and “new” Catholic liturgy. It was a gentle essay that concluded in the hope that Catholics could find a way to bring the best parts of past and present liturgies together and weave them into a marvelous whole cloth upon which we might all stand “as we wait in joyful hope, for the coming of the Lord.”

Over at America, Jesuit Fr. James Martin kindly linked to the piece with an excerpt.

At that point, Michael Sean Winters, in the grumps because “the pope presided ad orientem or facing away from the people.” decided to let slip the dogs of war. Rightly finding fault with both “progressive” and “traditionalist” Catholics who get too caught up in their respective de-or-re-constructions, Winters pounds out: Every pastor and every parish that pay little attention to planning their liturgies are cause for battle.

I do not disagree, but I would add that every pastor or parish paying too much attention to developing their liturgies risks inserting too much (of themselves or their respective political/theological/ideological bugaboos) into the liturgy. I will never forget preparing my children for the liturgy of Passion Sunday (or Palm Sunday, as I still call it). They were looking forward to receiving the palms, having them blessed, and then taking part in the long, terrible scriptural reading, where it is made so plain to us that we are all part of the teeming mob of humanity for which Christ died.

Instead, when we arrived at Mass, there were no palms (“they are too distracting and they shed all over the carpet; they’ll be handed out as we exit.”). At the gospel reading, the priest—rather than give voice to Christ—left the altar and a crew of red-shirted parishioners entertained us with their rendering of the Scripture, which required nothing of us but our rapt-and-undistracted-by-palms attention, and included pantomime. My kids were disappointed but I was crushed; this was horizontal worship taken to a look-not-at-Christ-but-at-us extreme. I still feel sick thinking about it.

Agreeing as I do with much of what Winters has written here, I nevertheless must take issue with the notion that there must be a war for liturgy. I believe we have wars enough to see to, corporeal and spiritual, without having to go to war with each other within the Church.

If Winter must have war, however, I hope he’ll keep it clean and agree to one basic rule of battle which has been long-standing in our family—that he must repeat an opponent’s argument back to him, to that opponent’s satisfaction, before sallying forth with his charge. He has not managed that here:


Some silliness, too, lives in both perspectives. For example, in a post at First Things . . . the Anchoress writes, “there is an increasing trend among Catholics—particularly young Catholics, who got a taste of a fuller, more solemn liturgy with the funeral mass of Pope John Paul II—to seek out the so-called Old Latin Rite.” Of course, John Paul II’s funeral was in the new rite, not the old, so it is hard to see how that experience motivated young Catholics to see the solemnity of a rite they were not watching, but that is not the first time that First Things, in reaching for grandeur, has made the facts fit a theory rather than the other way round.

I suspect Winters quotes me, distorts my meaning and then sneers like a fourteen-year-old trying to entertain his friends in the school cafeteria while not actually having read the piece in question, which was written in 2007 for Inside Catholic. Except for my linking to it, “One the Cusp of Something Great” was not associated in any way with First Things, so Winters has wasted some perfectly good (if rather uncharitable) snark, in that respect. I know Winters dearly loves his snark, so I grieve that he has spilled some on infertile ground.

Moreover, my notion that young people witnessing the solemnity and excellence of John Paul II’s funeral may have something to do with their seeking out the Old Rite was not—as Winters wants to believe—a grandiose error on my part, made in the pretense of an intellectualism I neither claim, nor possess. My meaning—and I think Winters could easily grasp it, as others seemed to, if he would read the piece—was that many young people, having witnessed at John Paul’s funeral a “fuller, more solemn liturgy” than they were accustomed to (one that included chant and the sort of “smells and bells” Catholic atmospherics which add gravity and meaning to our liturgy, but often go missing in much of the slap-dash worship that has sadly accompanied the Novus Ordo) have thus sought out liturgy that allows them to experience more of the same. I cannot help it if, in seeking out those liturgical touches, many young people end up appreciating the Old Rite.

Perhaps if more parish liturgists would accept the fact that not everything that came before them requires deconstruction, or if they could be persuaded that modern liturgy is not meant to be a showcase for their creative energies (no more puppet or pantomime liturgies, I beg!)—if they could be urged to take the daring path of re-introducing a bit of chant, a smackerel of Latin within the Eucharistic responses or hymns—then those who are looking for a bit more reverence within the Novus Ordo might not be ending up ad orientum, with an acolyte needed to hold aloft the rear end of a fiddleback vestment.

Had Winters read my piece, he would have realized that I was making no argument in favor of losing the Novus Ordo, but that we in fact stood on common ground. As I wrote:


It is doubtful that the re-emergence of the Old Rite will bring a large number of us cuspers back to it, but interest in the Tridentine Mass might actually benefit the Novus Ordo. It may restore some equilibrium to those self-indulgent liturgists who have come to believe that any old thing they can come up with must be a better option than what worked for 2,000 years. A return to seriousness and an appreciation of what came before could help strengthen liturgy that has been too long unsettled (and as the liturgy goes, so goes the worship). In that case, Summorum Pontificum could be a win/win for everyone.

Winters would probably be horrified to learn that this is not the first time he and I have found common ground. I am not sure whether that means I am bad at being a grandiose reactionary hate-monger with intellectual pretensions, or he is bad at being an intellectual reactionary snot-nose. We clearly both appreciate a healthy donnybrook, but those need not spill over into war.

Though it is fodder for another free-for-all, I do disagree with Winters, though, when he writes of “the achievements of Vatican II, starting with the significant fact that the people of God better understand what they are doing at Mass.”

When a mere 30 percent of Catholics polled understand that the Eucharist is truly the flesh and blood of Christ, the Real Presence, I think a very strong argument can be made against that claim. But that is really about the deplorable catechesis of the last forty years, isn’t it?

The wrangling and haggling between “progressives” and “traditionalists” within the Church will continue for some time to come, but there needn’t be war. If all can agree on a few basics—those being that we believe, and that we have a duty to teach succeeding generations what we believe, why we believe it, and how we manifest that belief in worship and in daily living—and if we can debate the liturgies and dogmas in good faith, without throwing uncharitable stinkbombs for the throwing’s sake, then things will shake out to the glory and purpose of Almighty God, despite our meanest machinations.

Let us not fear the re-emergence of what is "old" or the primacy of what is still relatively “new,” but manage to commingle them as water and wine are commingled at Mass, for the sake of the life of the world. My own instinct is that most Catholics would be very content with a Novus Ordo liturgy that managed to be what the Second Vatican Council actually had in mind: a vernacular liturgy meant to be like the Cross of Christ itself—both horizontal and vertical, but balanced in a way that does not over-emphasize in either direction; a modern liturgy that manages to incorporate the ancient touches that help us to remember who we are and from whence we have come.

Since it is perfectly licit liturgy, Catholics who want a Tridentine Rite should be able to find one without having to travel seventy miles. Soon enough, many Catholics will be seeking out the Anglican Rite, too, and if that is how they want to worship, and it is licit, then why should they not? I have no negative feelings for a Novus Ordo Rite prayed ad orientem, either. I’ve spoken with too many priests and deacons who have said they would be relieved if they could stop performing and simply get on with worshiping, to ever fear their facing East.

Winters might wish to read the moving essay “My Second First Mass” by Fr. Michael Kerper, published in America, in 2007, in which the priest essays his first Latin Mass, thus:


As I studied the Latin texts and intricate rituals I had never noticed as a boy, I discovered that the old rite’s priestly spirituality and theology were exactly the opposite of what I had expected. Whereas I had looked for the “high priest/king of the parish” spirituality, I found instead a spirituality of “unworthy instrument for the sake of the people.”

The old Missal’s rubrical micromanagement made me feel like a mere machine, devoid of personality; but, I wondered, is that really so bad? I actually felt liberated from a persistent need to perform, to engage, to be forever a friendly celebrant. When I saw a photo of the old Latin Mass in our local newspaper, I suddenly recognized the rite’s ingenious ability to shrink the priest. Shot from the choir loft, I was a mere speck of green, dwarfed by the high altar. The focal point was not the priest but the gathering of the people. And isn’t that a valid image of the church, the people of God?

It is worth noting that just about a year ago, Benedict XVI prayed ad orientem in the Sistine Chapel, and the world did not end; the Novus Ordo was not brought to its knees. I do not believe that Benedict means to wrestle the modern liturgy to the ground; I do not believe he is an enemy requiring an engagement of war, either.

There is, in fact, something downright liberal and inclusive about Benedict's attempts to broaden our options for licit Catholic worship. One would think the generation that has decried conformity and applauded inclusion would be the first to appreciate it.

Come on, Michael, don’t fear the liturgy.

Elizabeth Scalia is a contributing writer for First Things. She blogs at The Anchoress.

Comments:

1.13.2010 | 7:58am
Liturgy in the vernacular isn't bad. It's been the tradition in the Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox since the beginning. Latin in some sense was the vernacular of Rome too rather than the original Greek (Septuagint) and Aramaic.

But liturgy with the priest facing the people is a fundamental error. The priest is not turning his back on the people, he is worshiping Jesus with the people, so the full church and the priesthood of all believers is sharing in the worship. God is the focus. With the priest facing the people, God is not the focus, the priest is. He's the "star of the show". Ironically, by moving towards the Protestant model of the Liturgy, the priest rather than God is the focus (something Protestants complained about since the time of Luther). When our children see that the priest in the star, and the priest is just a man, no wonder they lose heart. When they see that the Protestant preacher down the road has more fiery preaching and inspiring or even a podcast from a charismatic non-catholic, no wonder they think liturgy is unimportant and that the Roman Catholic Church is but one of many options (as documented in the recent Pew poll).
1.13.2010 | 8:50am
Tony says:
You state: "but interest in the Tridentine Mass might actually benefit the Novus Ordo. "

Indeed, that is precisely the point that Benedict XVI made in his motu proprio. The Novus Ordo, in his own estimation, could use a bit of recentering, and the old rite can help do it.

I have spent lots of time at masses in the old rite, at the Novus Ordo as usually said, and the Novus Ordo said ad orientem. My own personal preference is for the latter, but I quite fully understand that this is partly a matter of preference rather than objective determination of comparative value. But the fact that one can have such a subjective preference does not undermine the position that there are in fact objectively better and worse ways of saying mass. What I object to more strenuously than all the rest is the attitude of a priest or litugrist that they need to "give the people what they find useful right now", and an apparent complacence that rests in that current level of "need" without bothering to ask whether the people's needs right now are too cramped and small for their own ultimate good, and whether in the long run they ought to have a higher perception of the good than they are now comfortable with.
1.13.2010 | 9:14am
Bibbit says:
I very much agree with this article. I love attending the Latin Mass when I can with my family. But I shock people when I tell them I'd prefer to attend a Novus Ordo Mass celebrated reverently with Latin prayers and Chant (no “We are the Light of the World”, please!). I prefer the readings calendar of the Novus Ordo and the way it begs the people to celebrate with the priest.

"I’ve spoken with too many priests and deacons who have said they would be relieved if they could stop performing and simply get on with worshiping, to ever fear their facing East."

The parish nearest me was re-built a few years ago and no longer faces east. It actually faces North! So the priests there can't face east. It originally faced east, but for whatever reason that was changed. How it got by the bishop I'll never know. We do not attend that parish.
1.13.2010 | 11:07am
I am blessed by an ability to attend both a Greek Orthodox Cathedral in both Greek and English where I don't participate in the Eucharist and only a few blocks away a Magnificent Roman Rite USCCB English Mass at one of the Diocese's best Parishes where I do. These are more similar than different as contrasted to the 16th Century Latin Mass at the Roman Catholic Cathedral which NFL fans would recognize as "throwback." I agree with an earlier commentator that the Latin Mass is actually an intermediate version of the Church's own "popular common Vulgate" that is old, but nowhere as old as the Church. What I do agree with is the reconciliation between the Rubrics and the English translation. For many years now when the Priest says "(May the) Lord be with you," I have responded "And with your Spirit." It is encouraging that slowly but surely, perhaps by arrivals from Dioceses already phasing in the reconciled edition of the Missal, I am no longer a lone wolf in this. The Latin Mass is no more and no less sacred than guitars and drums on the side of a Life Teen Mass, for the daily miracle of the Sacrifice of the Mass is still the Blessed Centerpiece of the Altar (no matter which way it is pointed), and that's what's important.
1.13.2010 | 1:10pm
Robberson says:
I just don't get it folks. Yesterday according to reports, hundreds of thousands of Haitians were killed and only God knows how many are suffering. Your back and forth today over what to do and what to say in Mass? Really? As a Catholic myself I am shocked at the time spent by folks like you when the "world", and by that I mean ALL of God's children need to know that God loves them no matter what! No matter how they live. No matter their past sins. No matter how they choose to seek and grow close to Him. We are called to "rise and shine" not blather and argue among ourselves over "stuff" Jesus Himself could care less about. The Pharisees loved this kind of "jabber" and from this article and posts you folks do too. "and Jesus wept".
1.13.2010 | 1:48pm
Joseph says:
'I discovered that the old rite’s priestly spirituality and theology were exactly the opposite of what I had expected. Whereas I had looked for the “high priest/king of the parish” spirituality, I found instead a spirituality of “unworthy instrument for the sake of the people.”'

A very important point. The shadow of this priestly theology is contained in the prayers surrounding the washing of the hands:

"Lord God, we ask you to receive us and be pleased with the sacrifice we offer you with humble and contrite hearts."

and

"Lord wash away my iniquities, cleanse me from my sins."

The first part is often said silently, which is OK if a little disappointing. This last part, in my experience, is interestingly often changed to "Lord, wash away OUR iniquities..." which seemed unfortunate - can't the priest take a couple seconds to personally recognize that he is unworthy of the peculiar, exalted role he has been given? Not that he's less worthy that the rest of us sinners, but his role demands a little extra humility.

On a psychological/human plain, we've tended to confound our inalienable creativity as creatures in the image of the Creator with the much more specific and non-universal creativity required by the Liturgy. When faced with a thing as concrete and real as the Liturgy, and desiring change that breaks with the past (stylistically, if no other way), few are going to come up with something good or even original. In consciously avoiding traditional form in architecture, music, ritual, we're almost inevitably going to simply recycle some other form - for example, how many modern churches eschewing traditional forms, end up almost indistinguishable from talk-show sets?

Of course, the star of a talk show is the host, not the Host.
1.13.2010 | 2:52pm
Robberson, these pieces were all written and scheduled prior to the terrible event in Haiti, which I and others are covering exhaustively, if you'd like to check:
http://www.firstthings.com/blogs/theanchoress/2010/01/12/relief-efforts-for-haiti/
1.13.2010 | 3:12pm
"I just don't get it folks. Yesterday according to reports, hundreds of thousands of Haitians were killed and only God knows how many are suffering. Your back and forth today over what to do and what to say in Mass? Really?"

I am deeply saddened by the tragedy in Haiti, and I am praying for all those involved, both victims and aid workers. For most of us, praying is probably the best and certainly most immediate thing we can do for them. I'm sure that there are and will be other opportunities to help, but besides that, there really isn't much more to say.

On the other hand, it's important to continue the dialogue on promoting the fully aware, active participation of the faithful in the liturgy. The liturgy nourishes and strengthens us for our participation in the world, for every tragedy, every joy, and every non-event, even. At least, it should.

I agree that catechesis has much to be improved. In particular, there should be a greater effort put forth toward adult catechesis throughout the life span. The efforts aimed at 18-to-35-year-olds are essential, but at least in my experience, these aren't the folks most involved at or with the leadership level of liturgical planning at most parishes.
1.13.2010 | 5:21pm
Robberson, for a look at the question of how sincere Christians dare attend to other things than the world's latest disaster, see CS Lewis's essay, "Learning in Wartime."
1.13.2010 | 5:49pm
Joe K says:
Your experience with the Palm Sunday Mass was also my exact experience. My three children and I always prepare for Mass readings the week prior. As with you children, mine were so looking forward to being part of the crowd. We also had three of the laity come up in red shirts and the alternated paragraphs from the Gospel. Like you I still have a very bad memory from this. There are so many things in my parish that distract me and unfortunately cause bad emotions. I was encouraged by my retired bishop spiritual counselor to persist and help with the change. I however go to a neighboring parish for the Triduum. My kids get to experience the real institution of the preisthood and Eucharist rather than the foot-washing communal fest at my parish.
1.13.2010 | 6:33pm
Robberson says:
Margaret Davis, thanks for the suggestion and after reading I certainly agree with Mr. Lewis. My point however poorly expressed, was something else. I'm not implying that attending "to other things" is wrong at all. What I am saying is that far too many Catholics, the article and subsequent discussions were/are focusing excessively upon process rather than substance i.e. Basic Christianity (pardon my "play" on the title of the wonderful book by C.S. Lewis).
1.13.2010 | 7:25pm
Robberson says:
Ooops, meant Mere Christianity. Sorry!
1.13.2010 | 8:07pm
Robberson, first of all, the Anchoress put up links for donating money to Haiti, earlier today at her website, and wrote a lengthy post about that disaster. The Haitians aren't being ignored, or forgotten.

What happened in Haiti is terrible---does that mean we can't pay attention to other bad things that are going on, or discuss other things which might be on our mind?

Thirdly, for Catholics, the liturgy---the sacrifice of the mass, the eucharist----is the heart of their faith, so the liturgy is extremely important. When the Liturgy is watered down, when it becomes an "experience" or "entertainment" instead of worship, when it becomes cluttered up with things like mimes, or loses the symbolism that made it meaningful to many; when the focus becomes the priest, or even the singers---these are serious issue. It's not just "process" anymore, it's substantive. The liturgy is important.
1.13.2010 | 9:37pm
Robberson says:
Suderman and others-You folks are right and I have over-reacted! Sorry!
1.13.2010 | 11:15pm
Mimsy says:
Robberson, that is a very sweet and humble contrition. Blessings!
1.14.2010 | 12:03am
Yes, to face the altar and let God be the focus, I so understand and seek. Yet, I love hearing the words and seeing the priest prepare the offering, prepare for transubstantiation. Ah, and a priest who faces the people with humility and deep reverence for the Eucharist, who believes so deeply that his whole being is transformed, such a priest becomes a divine role model for us as we worship the Eucharist, body and blood, the real presence of Christ. Meanwhile, we who believe in the real presence, and are humbled, we cannot help but be deeply touched by the presence of Jesus, so much so that we are transformed and even moved to tears as we participate and adore Him. Ah, then we too become role models for those around us. And perhaps, yes, we become role models for the priest. We help him to see that perhaps there is a more humble reverent way. Let us keep and maintain both traditions; it is really our innermost spiritual being that brings us closer to God and transforms us.
1.14.2010 | 11:11am
No need to be sorry, Robberson!

God bless you.
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