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Axis Mundi

I recently read an article in which a Methodist minister referred to the Eucharist as “revolutionary.” It would be easy to dismiss her use of a term used to advertise a new shampoo or safety razor. But the claim that the Eucharist is revolutionary is a reminder we very much need to hear, for it is very much true. We can too easily get accustomed to what we do at the Eucharist and forget its meaning for us and for the world. We lose much, perhaps everything, if we forget it.

In the Eucharist we are joined to the sacrifice of Christ—offered and received—and the sacrifice of Christ is the only true revolution. All the other revolutions have turned out to be merely adjustments in the way things are done, for better and far too often for the worse.

The American Revolution was an event of great world historical significance, yet in many ways it was just an adjustment in well-established English ways of living and thinking. The French Revolution replaced the absolute monarchy of France with a government just as absolutist and more bloody, which became the ancestor of all the bloody tyrannies of our era.

Then there is the Scientific Revolution. It has brought much good, but it has also given us greater abilities than human moral capacity can easily manage. It has brought healing, conveniences, communications, and knowledge unimaginable in earlier times, but on the other hand it has brought advanced killing technology, pollution, and embryonic stem cell research. It has provided a convenient excuse for childish atheism and shattered many aspects of human community and family life.

Human revolutions are merely adjustments in human life, not human nature. They leave us unchanged and the real human problem of sin, death, and the devil unaddressed.

The Eucharist—celebrated constantly throughout the world and this night with a particular intensity—turns our world upside down. It announces that at the center of the universe is the crucified Jew, Jesus.

When he was crucified, everybody thought the real action and the real power and glory were in Rome. Jesus was just another small-time, backwoods nuisance to the emperor, easily disposed of.

But in the frail flesh of Jesus, in his death, God changed everything. This is in human terms a most unlikely form of revolution. More radically—if that is imaginable—God continues that work under the forms of bread and wine.

Here God says no to sin and death, no to our weak compromises with the values of the present age. Here he heals us of our delusions of power, self-determination, and achievement. Here he says yes to us and brings life, forgiveness, and enlightenment for true change in human affairs. And we say our feeble “Amen.”

The kingdom and the power and the glory are not in Washington, they are not at the U.N. Headquarters, they are not on Wall Street, they are not in Hollywood, Beijing, or Brussels. They are on the altar, hidden in bread and wine as they were hidden in the same flesh of Christ on the cross.

The kingdom, the power, and the glory were hidden in the liberation of a band of slaves from Egypt and in the sacrifice of a lamb and the eating of unleavened bread.

The kingdom, the power and the glory were hidden in the washing of feet by Jesus, the work of a slave performed by an outsider.

Hidden in such moments, in such realities, is the truth that revolutionizes the world: that sin is forgiven, that death is defeated.

The Eucharist exposes all the false gods that we create to hide from our sin and pretend to immortality. Through it our small lives can be understood as the arena where God is working out the true revolution, the one that brings human beings back to God, the one that sends us out into the world to wash the feet of others.

Here God is creating the revolution that enables us to avoid getting sucked in by the phony glories and satisfactions with which our economic, social, cultural, and political systems tempt us. Here is the revolution that can free us to criticize and resist the deepening darkness of secularism, atheism, nihilism, and materialism currently on the march throughout the western world.

To receive Christ in the Eucharist, to adore him, to worship the Holy Trinity—this is to join the real revolution.

That is why the Church has enemies. That is why the powers of secularism so despise the Church. That is why empires from ancient Rome to modern China have tried to disrupt the Eucharist.

For at and through the Eucharist, we are the resistance. We are the true revolutionaries. At the end of the canon, Catholics say “Amen” to the words “through him, with him, in him, in the unity of the Holy Spirit all honor and glory is yours, Almighty Father, for ever and ever.” No Caesar wants to hear that. No Caesar can tolerate another center of power so absolute.

But for us who have tasted and seen the goodness of the Lord, who have found the core of our lives in the worship of God—for us there is no alternative to being at the Eucharist. We can want nothing more and imagine nothing greater than to be part of the people gathered around the altar of Jesus Christ, in whom alone are glory and freedom.

Fr. Leonard R. Klein is the Director of Pro-Life Activities for the Diocese of Wilmington.

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Comments:

4.1.2010 | 4:10am
Mick Lee says:
Points are well taken. However, there are four words/phrases I would ban from
Christian writing and preaching for an extended length of time:

1.) Revolution (revolutionary)
2.) Radical
3.) In context (such as "in the modern context")
4.) New

After all my years as a layman, these among others have become crutches for sloppy
thinking.

In college, we had manditory humanities courses in which opinion papers on this
author or that "great book" were a weekly tasks. Most found that if they strung
together choice words and phrases somehow presto! they produced something like meaning to subjects they knew nothing about and didn't care they knew nothing
about. We used to call these "B.S." papers.

Unfortunately, "revolutionary" signals "eyes to glaze" to most--just noise. Heard it before. Something is always "revolutionary". Something is always "new". Seek a
way that talks to people's hearts instead of resorting to 1960's groovy speak.
Think a little harder.
4.1.2010 | 4:57am
miasarx says:
The greatest living theologian of the Eucharist is Donald J. Keefe, S.J., emeritus at Fordham. Here are a couple of quotes from his work (his magnum opus is Covenantal Theology):
: “Man and his world have no truth other than the mystery of the Eucharist, and no meaning or significance which does not find there its source and its culmination.” (Authority in the Church: an essay in the theology of history. Communio, vol.7, no.4 (Winter, 1980) p. 358.)
“In sum, our objective reality as human is covenantal, and as historical is Eucharistic; this reality is the single interest and the single subject matter of Catholic theology, because it is the ground of existence in Christ. The Eucharist is the center of objective existence because it is the constituting Event of the historically free world, of the Good Creation. Therefore, the work of theology is not speculation but practice, a dimension of the Eucharistic worship of the Church. . . . There is no other dignity than this, our participation in the One Flesh of the One Sacrifice by which in Christ we have access to the Father.” (From the last paragraph of Covenantal Theology.)

“Therefore the prime analogate of a Christian metaphysics, whether as philosophy or theology, is—and cannot be other than—the Eucharistic representation of the event of the One Flesh of the New Covenant. The Eucharistic sacrifice is the sole ordering principle, the radical cause, of salvation history, the good creation whose goodness is its historicity, the freedom in which the achieved Kingdom of God is effectively signed by the Eucharistically integrated Old and New Covenants.” (The Historical Relation of Faith to Reason, 15)
There is so much more.
God bless Fr. Keefe!
4.1.2010 | 6:02am
Tom Carty says:
A timely column, the reason I love First Things.
4.1.2010 | 8:09am
Amen.
4.1.2010 | 8:31am
Henry says:
I find inspiration in reading this article on this most importantly special day. But it does agrivate negative thoughts too. Perhaps we can find solace somewhere to the natural wonder of why the USCCB contrary to the powerful sentiments here, so much insist on placing the Kingdom, the power and the glory exactly in Washington via in this case the health care bill.
4.1.2010 | 8:41am
Father Klein,
May I quote in my sermon this evening?
4.1.2010 | 9:34am
Just wonderful. As a Methodist, I really appreciate one more "revolutionary" aspect of the Eucharist--as we start our service tonight, my pastor will say something to the effect, "This is not my table, this is not this churches' table, this is not a United Methodist table. This is Christ's Table set by Him for sinners, for all who repent of their sin, and for all who desire to draw close to Christ and to their neighbor." So there we'll kneel: fat, bald, smart, not so smart, rich, not so rich, beautiful, not so beautiful . . . male, female, jew, greek . . . you get the picture: all will be invited to be changed by the grace offered in the bread and grape at the Table.
4.1.2010 | 10:14am
Terry says:
Mick,

I think you're making Fr. Klein's point exactly. There are so many things we refer to as revolutionary that in actuality are ordinary. And in fact, it is these ordinary distractions that so completely claim the attention of people like the academics you described that lead them to revere these ordinary things as revolutionary. Meanwhile, something as truly revolutionary as the Eucharist is overlooked; especially unappreciated in your case if it is described as such.
4.1.2010 | 7:53pm
The Eucharist is the living embodiment of the truth of Mary's song in Luke 1.51-53. For at the Table of the Lord there is no room for human pride. Power means nothing. Riches mean nothing. The hungry are fed.

There is no truer democracy on earth than at the Table of the Lord.
4.2.2010 | 5:27am
pdn Michael says:
All of these reflections as well as Fr. Klein's article are thought provoking, and show a keen sensibility toward the Eucharist. They also show, and I mean no disrespect, an incompleteness, a tendency to extrapolate rather than concentrate, and a collective clarity with respect to what still, very profoundly and decisively, separates Western Christianity from the Orthodox Church.

One notes, first of all, that there is no mention either in Fr. Klein's article or in the comments of the Eucharist as exactly what the word "eucharist" means: a giving of thanks. Numerous ways to look at the Eucharist as either a political or a-political act seem somehow to miss the the essential element of gratitude for the gift of life in Christ that the Eucharist implies.

Orthodox theologians have long contended that this is due to an intense Catholic concentration on "sacrifice." In the Orthodox Church we, too, celebrated a Liturgy to commemorate the Last Supper. Yet, our Eucharist yesterday, like any other Eucharist, was a participation in the Divine Life in its fullness to the extent our mortal limitations allow us. We are certainly "joined to the sacrifice of Christ;" we are also "joined" to his incarnation, his nativity, his transfiguration, his resurrection and his ascension. Rather than limiting our vision to the upper room and Golgotha, we see God's entire life in the flesh of his son, and we see the bread and the wine as that life coming to us to become our life, to offer us full and unfettered participation in That Life.

Western Christianity often seems, to many Orthodox, to ignore the life of Christ due to its intense concentration on his death. Fr. Klein only once, and then only tangentially, mentions that "death is defeated." To an Orthodox Christian, this is of immense significance. For us the death, the sacrifice, of Christ only has its ultimate meaning in his resurrection. Dying for a cause, as our Lord did, is not especially revolutionary; Gamaliel's caution to the Sanhedrin in the book of Acts is based on his suggestion that there were other revolutionaries whose revolts went nowhere. The true "revolution," if you will, is that death was defeated dramatically, decisively and irreversibly. This is essentially missing in Fr. Klein's article; it also goes unmentioned in the comments, and it points to what Orthodox Christians in the age of ecumenism have suggested all along: western Christianity tend to overlook the resurrection due to an over-emphasis on the crucifixion.

I mentioned a tendency to extrapolate. It is difficult for me to see "revolution" and "democracy" at work in the Eucharist in the ways suggested here. It might be that all the "democratic revolutions" of the last century in Orthodox homelands were frankly despotic and inhumane, and that expatriates from them have had, thank you very much, enough of "democracy" as a result of "revolution." It seems rather grotesque to speak of "democracy" in connection to the Mystical Supper of the Lord.

Instead, at the Eucharist, we are where Jesus said we would be: in his Kingdom. A kingdom is not, finally, a democracy (or a republic, or a collective, or an anarchy) at all. At the King's table wealth and power mean nothing; weakness and poverty also mean nothing. Pr. Dan Biles' comment seems to imply a trading of places based on class. Once more, it is the table of neither the rich nor the poor; it is the table of the King.
4.2.2010 | 8:18am
"Western Christianity often seems, to many Orthodox, to ignore the life of Christ due to its intense concentration on his death."

I can hardly suppress a chuckle noting that pdn Michael has chosen the occasion of the Holy Thursday liturgy to advance his take on ecumenical dialog, seeing as the Evangelist Luke tells us that on this night, for the Apostles, "A dispute also arose among them, which of them was to be regarded as the greatest" (Lk 22.24).

Now today is Good Friday. Shall we venerate the Cross, or discuss among ourselves who the "real" betrayers of Christ might be?
4.2.2010 | 9:04am
pdn Michael says:
No we will not, in fact, have a special veneration of the Cross, but to say so is perhaps to invite another dismissive "chuckle" from John.

As it was, Fr. Klein sort of generalized the Eucharist as "sacrifice," and seemed very much to present it as the primary focus for all Eucharists any day, and not just Thursday or Friday of Holy Week. "In the Eucharist we are joined to the sacrifice of Christ—offered and received—and the sacrifice of Christ is the only true revolution." That is a very broad statement which happened to be made on Holy Thursday that I happened to respond to. If Fr. Klein were to mention it on, say, June 11 of any given year, it would still be a subject worthy of discussion.

It was emphatically not my intent to advance any "take," nor to quibble about "greatest," but to speak from the Eastern Orthodox tradition as I understand it and as I've experienced it for the past twenty years, to a subject that was eloquently presented by Fr. Klein, is of primary importance in Orthodox/Catholic dialog, and very much worth a few comments.
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