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A Person You Flee At Parties

Forgive me for simply laying out a sequence of random thoughts (on a single theme) that occurred to me a few hours ago, as I was swimming around in my morning cistern of coffee; but it seems to be all I’m fit for just at the moment.

I remembered this morning that, a few weeks ago, I happened to mention here that I thought Max Beerbohm’s “Enoch Soames,” from his collection Seven Men, to be maybe the most amusing short story in English. If you have never read it (and, for that matter, even if you have), it is the tale of how an utterly talentless fin de siècle British “poet” who sells his soul to the devil in exchange for a quick journey one-hundred years into the future, to the reading room of the British Museum, where he hopes to find that his writings have at last been granted the appreciation denied them in his own time.

Every scene in the story is hilarious. My favorite is probably Beerbohm’s account of his first conversation with Soames, and my favorite exchange in that conversation is this:


     Of “the older men,” as he called them, he seemed to like only Milton. “Milton,” he said, “wasn’t sentimental.” Also, “Milton had a dark insight.” And again, “I can always read Milton in the reading-room.”
     “The reading-room?”
     “Of the British Museum. I go there every day.”
     “You do? I’ve only been there once. I’m afraid I found it rather a depressing place. It—it seemed to sap one’s vitality.”
      “It does. That’s why I go there. The lower one’s vitality, the more sensitive one is to great art. I live near the museum. I have rooms in Dyott Street.”
     “And you go round to the reading-room to read Milton?”
     “Usually Milton.” He looked at me. “It was Milton,” he certificatively added, “who converted me to diabolism.”
      “Diabolism? Oh, yes? Really?” said I, with that vague discomfort and that intense desire to be polite which one feels when a man speaks of his own religion. “You—worship the devil?”
     Soames shook his head.
      “It’s not exactly worship,” he qualified, sipping his absinthe. “It’s more a matter of trusting and encouraging.”
     “I see, yes. I had rather gathered from the preface to ‘Negations’ that you were a—a Catholic.”
      “Je l’etais a cette époque. In fact, I still am. I am a Catholic diabolist.”

Anyway, thinking about the story again this morning reminded me that my eldest brother wrote a rather darkly satirical novella last year, principally for his own amusement and enlightenment, called Confessions of the Antichrist. It is the first-person narrative of a man who discovers late in a very successful life that he has been chosen by the devil to play the role of the Great Beast.

When he wrote it, my brother had gone through the wars, so to speak, spiritual and emotional, and it has a wry, nightmarish intensity to it, run through by deep veins of both withering cynicism and luminous faith, that I found fascinating and rather disturbing.

I can imagine how some readers might take offense at some aspects of the story (the devil presents himself as a Catholic cardinal, for instance), but only if they forget that they are reading an intentionally fantastic fable. In the end, the tale is about spiritual temptation, institutional corruption, and the frequent incompatibility of Christian faith and “pragmatic” obligations.

In any event, my brother did not publish the book in print, but an acquaintance prevailed upon him to make a Kindle edition available , and so—if you care to—you can see what I mean for yourself.

Thinking of that, moreover, reminded me that, about six years ago, I too wrote a novella with a devil in it. (Let me emphasize: not the devil, but only a devil.) That tale is in fact supposed to appear in print, along with some other pieces, later this year, or thereabouts. It is more sedate than my brother’s story and not nearly as entertaining as Beerbohm’s. But I can say of my devil that he is, to my mind, a very gifted raconteur.

And thinking about all of these things reminded me of a conversation I had, not long ago, with my friend the inimitable Ambrose d’Arcangeli (what a marvelous name that man has) about literary depictions of Satan, and how attractive, witty, glamorous, or appealing they often make the devil seem.

“I doubt he’s even very interesting,” Ambrose observed. “I mean, to the extent that the devil has any personality to speak of at all—even if the story is true and he was once an archangel or something of that sort—he must by now be a pretty sordid, unimaginative, and dreary little fellow. He would have to be so monstrously self-absorbed: not a brilliant conversationalist, not a philosopher and wit, not a bon-vivant or perverted aesthete, but just some tedious little troll, full of spite and resentment. He’s probably a monomaniac who talks about nothing but his personal grievances and aims, and in the bluntest, most unrefined language imaginable—the sort of person you try your best to get away from at a party.”

Ambrose was right, of course. It is an old and delicate problem: How is any artist to make the diabolical appear diabolical without producing something merely boring and repellant? I made the rather trite observation that the supreme triumph or failure in this regard (depending how one sees the matter) is, of course, Milton’s. His Satan appears at the beginning of Paradise Lost as a kind of Prometheus, so dauntlessly defiant of heaven’s laws that his damnation seems at first immeasurably more exhilarating than the staid beatitude of Milton’s heaven.

The effect is so startling that many have concurred with Blake’s verdict in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (though usually without Blake’s irony): “The reason Milton wrote in fetters when he wrote of Angels & God, and at liberty when of Devils & Hell, is because he was a true Poet and of the Devil’s party without knowing it!” True, as has often been pointed out, our last glimpses of Satan in the epic are in the forms of a toad and a serpent, but that is not how we tend to remember him. All readers of the poem recall his magnificent entrance onto the stage; few recall his final exit.

“But even the post-Promethean, post-Romantic Satan is too engaging a character, too debonair” Ambrose continued. “Dostoevsky’s devil in The Brother’s Karamazov, for example, the one who appears to the fever-ridden Vanya, is a bit of an invertebrate and a sponge, who goes about in the threadbare guise of a member of the impoverished petty nobility; but he’s still an enchanting talker, with a sense of humor, and considerable urbanity. If nothing else, writers always imagine the devil as well-read and something of a cosmopolitan, who’s able to explain himself in terms of one or another perfectly coherent moral philosophy. But, of course, the devil is really just a thug.”

I had to admit that it would be rather unlikely that the devil would have retained any sense of style after so many countless millennia in such squalidly reduced circumstances. Perhaps at first, remembering the glorious raiments that adorned his limbs when he walked among the sons of God in the stones of fire, Samael or Hillel ben Shahar or Lucifer (call him what you will) might have made an effort to keep up appearances, and played the part of the dandy, and squandered his resources on well tailored suits, and spent hours a day posing before his pier glass.

But by now, surely, like all those children of privilege who lose everything irretrievably, he must have gone entirely to seed, and resigned himself to shapeless polyester-cotton blends and plastic shoes. How then, I asked Ambrose, should one portray the prince of darkness?

After a pensive moment, Ambrose replied, “A merciless real estate developer whose largest projects are all casinos.”

And recalling this exchange brought Donald Trump to mind. You know the fellow: developer, speculator, television personality, hotelier, political dilettante, conspiracy theorist, and grand croupier—the one with that canopy of hennaed hair jutting out over his eyes like a shelf of limestone.

In particular, I recalled how, back in 1993, when Trump decided he wanted to build special limousine parking lots around his Atlantic City casino and hotel, he had used all his influence to get the state of New Jersey to steal the home of an elderly widow named Vera Coking by declaring “eminent domain” over her property, as well as over a nearby pawn shop and a small family-run Italian restaurant.

She had declined to sell, having lived there for thirty-five years. Moreover, the state offered her only one-fourth what she had been offered for the same house some years before, and Trump could then buy it at a bargain rate. The affair involved the poor woman in an exhausting legal battle, which, happily, she won, with the assistance of the Institute for Justice.

How obvious it seems to me now. Cold, grasping, bleak, graceless, and dull; unctuous, sleek, pitiless, and crass; a pallid vulgarian floating through life on clouds of acrid cologne and trailed by a vanguard of fawning divorce lawyers, the devil is probably eerily similar to Donald Trump—though perhaps just a little nicer.

David Bentley Hart is contributing editor of First Things. His most recent book is Atheist Delusions: The Christian Revolution and Its Fashionable Enemies (Yale University Press). His other “On the Square” articles can be found here. His brother Addison's Confessions of the Anti-Christ can be ordered here.

Comments:

5.6.2011 | 5:23am
Ian says:
"..the devil is probably eerily similar to Donald Trump—though perhaps just a little nicer."
DBH is at his caustic best today! I couldn't stop laughing at this but part of me says we should extend Christian charity even to the Donald.
5.6.2011 | 7:44am
Michael says:
Selling his soul to the devil? Nothing recommended.
5.6.2011 | 8:25am
Chad Gibbons says:
Are there any literary portrayals that depict Satan in such a way? I'd be curious to read how it would play out. The closest I can think is C.S. Lewis' Satan in 'Perelandra'.
5.6.2011 | 8:34am
SteveW says:
"Imaginary evil is romantic and varied; real evil is gloomy, monotonous, barren, boring. Imaginary good is boring; real good is always new, marvelous, intoxicating."

-- Simone Weil
5.6.2011 | 8:42am
Addison Hart says:
I was gratified to see my own devilish novella mentioned here. After reading this column of my brother's, though, I confess that -- were I writing my story now -- I might well grab on to that Donald Trump model instead of the one I chose.

Anyway, my thanks to my bother for his generous nepotism. (The check is in the mail, pal.)
5.6.2011 | 9:19am
Craig Payne says:
My favorite literary depiction of Satan is Dante's: mindless, mechanical, frozen, all good removed except the mere good of continuing to exist.
5.6.2011 | 9:59am
As an artist, I've often wondered how I would depict Satan or a devil in a painting. I find most artistic interpretations unsatisfying. There was once a hip sketch pad that had quotes from hip artists that were meant to inspire want-to-be hipsters . One quote went something like, "Empty your mind, think of nothing. Now draw it!" I guess Trump's image comes as close as anything in that regard. Great piece David.
5.6.2011 | 10:12am
Matt Cochran says:
Chad, I immediately thought of Perelandra as well. In particular, I remember the scene where he was trying to wear Ransom out by calling his name to get his attention, then, whenever Ransom would respond, "What?" the devil would just say, "Nothing" and repeat the process all night long. It managed to be creepy and threatening without making the devil look at all appealing. It wasn't that he sought or approved any kind of admirable trait like intelligence, it was just that the slavish pursuit of of his own will forced him to pick them up and use them sometimes.
5.6.2011 | 10:23am
scott huelin says:
@Chad: Flannery O'Connor's The Violent Bear It Away contains a devil in a Panama hat and a lavender suit who comes very close to DBH's closing paragraph.
5.6.2011 | 11:12am
Gail F says:
I thought at once of the television show "Angel," before it got really, really stupid. It was a spinoff from "Buffy the Vampire Slayer," featuring Buffy's love interest, a vampire who had his soul restored (vampires in "Buffy" were actually dead bodies taken over by demons, with the memories of the people the bodies had been but without their souls). The point of the show was that he had to go around doing good things to make up for the centuries of evil his vampire self had done. His nemesis was a corporation. The makers of the show envisioned Hell as an imposing but bureaucratic corporation that promised a lot but delivered nothing, and in a final attempt to get Angel's soul back one of the demon/corporate VPs delivered a devastating indictment of everything that Angel had been trying to do and how it was useless and impossible. I thought it was a really well done example of showing how Satan uses lies to induce despair and get a person to damn himself. Then, as I said above, the show got really, really stupid and abandoned all that stuff. But it was good while it lasted.
5.6.2011 | 11:42am
"....the one with that canopy of hennaed hair jutting out over his eyes like a shelf of limestone...."

Like.
5.6.2011 | 12:08pm
Paige says:
@ Ian,

Yeah, but it's good to be reminded, at a time when some conservatives seem to be gravitating towards "The Donald," that this guy has always been one mean, cynical piece of work.

I like the way this piece begins as what looks like a series of random reflections, but then works its way inexorably to that final thrust. Subtle and elegant.
5.6.2011 | 12:17pm
Hen says:
I'm printing this out at the library. so my wife can enjoy it too. Precious
5.6.2011 | 12:28pm
Love the wit in these First Things articles... Shame that for many people drifting through this life the devil does not exist. As the saying goes in Spanish "You cannot deny the sun by blocking it from your sight with your thumb", that is, very loosely translated.
5.6.2011 | 12:56pm
scott huelin says:
Also puts me in mind of Arendt's "banality of evil."
5.6.2011 | 2:11pm
As soon as you quoted Ambrose's conception of the Devil as "A merciless real estate developer whose largest projects are all casinos," I thought, "This is going to lead to Donald." This, in turn, made me think of the recent dinner that he attended, at which he was positively skewered by Seth Myers. Every once in a while, during Myers broadside, c-span would cut to Donald himself. He was not laughing. Not even a little bit. An inability to laugh at oneself is probably characteristic of the Devil, as well.
5.6.2011 | 4:24pm
The best portrayal I have seen of the Devil can be found in a Catholic Church: the San Brizio Chapel in the Orvieto Duomo. Luca Signorelli and his school (which included the young Rafaello Sanzio) painted the conflicts between the Devil and the Angels and the consequences of sin in vivid detail in several scenes that look as though they could have been painted in the 21st Century.

In fact, the whole of the Orvieto Duomo is worth serious study. The facade is famous the World round as a depiction of the Bible in a single wall.
5.6.2011 | 4:48pm
Joseph says:
This is a hilarious piece. Given Trump's celebrity status, it may well acheive wide circulation.
5.6.2011 | 6:31pm
A.M says:
Came across a teen once who was into satanic worship ; the coldness and hatred so palpable ...and probabaly not depictable in ink .

Do we even need to bother to depict the enemy when we can see its workings , in the natuaral disasters and human hatreds !

Having heard that casinos employ devil worshippers and now this piece

http://www.renewamerica.com/columns/kimball/110503

an article referring to the rising tide of such forces in our culture , tend to think that Dr.Hart is not being just humorous , even though I have tended to miss same in his articles !

It is a puzzle though as to why the conservative side is not able to have better candidates !

Could it be from lack of more compassion for the poor , with plans to support good agencies capable to stepping into the gap and from tendency to trust too much in military might !

The previous article delineate the agenda of these forces aligned with the enemy and it also helps one to recignise better God's goodness in making available for our times , the Icon of Mercy with the words
'Jesus , I trust in You .'

and a Pope named after St.Benedict !
5.6.2011 | 6:45pm
Leigh says:
Or perhaps, to throw another out there, Nathan Price from the Poisonwood Bible. Becoming progressively narrow-minded, pragmatic, and insecure his quest for his own assurance makes him progress from being mildly interesting to entirely unattractive. Despite Kingsolver's failure to provide a positive counter-balance of the joy of Christianity, she pegs the sort of devil you write of in Mr. Price. Though in this book evangelical, the like exists in all Christian traditions, as well as outside of the faith.
5.6.2011 | 9:31pm
AL says:
Pretty hard on the devil, if you ask me. He's a bad guy, obviously, but to compare him to Donald Trump....
5.7.2011 | 12:51am
MacBeth says:
Ransom...Ransom...yeah. Lewis nailed it, so to speak.
5.7.2011 | 2:51am
The one person I know who sold his soul to the devil is now burning in hell! Osama bin Laden is definitely not being taken care of by 72 virgins but rather, being toasted like marshmallow and hotdog by the devil and his cohorts. He's now wailing and gnashing his teeth for being fooled by the same being he sold his soul into.
5.7.2011 | 6:36am
It's unclear why you chose Trump's use of eminent domain to try to evict an old woman as evidence he is most similar to Satan, rather than using the example of an extreme criminal like a child molester. The U.S. government often evicts old women and others using eminent domain and, though you may question the morality of eminent domain, there is no doubt that child molestation inflicts much more damage than eviction. It's important to rank crimes by level of severity in order to make the best ethical decisions.
5.7.2011 | 6:46am
Ron says:
I've never bought the red guy with horns depiction, but more like Al Pacino's rendition (only better looking - more Brad Pittish) in The Devil's Advocate.

I had too laugh at the DT reference though , hilarious.
5.7.2011 | 8:37am
A.M says:
'A person you flee at parties ..' ; may be Dr.Hart is being prophetic ..
There was a group mentioned in the gospels who were also shunned - the tax collectors ..

So, let us see how a modern Zachaeus could turn out ..

he remembers some saintly person that had touched his life from his Fordham days ..visits the tomb of Bl.John Paul 11 ... comes back a changed man ..

casinos turned into centers for rehab of all sorts of persons , including support for expectant parents ..the old persons who used to waste away their lives in the casinos , invited back , to discover the joy of worship , along with whole families ..

housing projects in many poor countries ...as well as prolife projects ..

being made fun of for the hair style - he remebers that His Lord accepted the crown of thorns, to strenghten him ..

to withstand all who may not believe that he is a changed man ..and to persevere , for the real crown ..

and now, instead of Trump towers , we have Triumph towers ..the I and the H to stand for 'I belong to Him .'


and all who have read this column , intercediing for those addicted to gambling and those whose lives have enabled same - ? even churches that promote bingo as a benign pasttime ..yet , when esp. a church property is used for something that could have detrimental effects , do we need not shun the same ..and replace it with joyful praise and discussion sessions !
5.7.2011 | 3:12pm
Nathan Duffy says:
Another excellent piece. Perhaps the best part about it for me is the news that a novella by David B. Hart is coming out within a year, or thereabouts, and his brother already has one out (which I purchased and began reading, and it is really good). Fantastic!
5.7.2011 | 3:26pm
Billy Bean says:
David Bentley Hart certainly has a way with words. Although I am a great admirer of his work, I wonder how carefully he weighed his final few words here. Donald Trump is a human being made in the image of God, and (for all we know) still redeemable. I think it would would be better to be Donald Trump than to be the devil, but I can't tell for sure where Mr. Hart stands on this question.
5.7.2011 | 4:17pm
@ A Caring Person,

Give us a break, please, Can't you tell the difference between a joke and a serious treatise on the nature of evil? The point here was to take a jab at Trump for being such a ruthless so-and-so, and for injecting his special brand of thuggish crudity into the presidential primary cycle. This isn't really a column about evil at all, but about style.
5.7.2011 | 7:41pm
Bop says:
Dear Andrew Lyttle,

Thank you so much for yet again interpreting a Hart piece. Where would we be without your ongoing guidance for the perplexed? It’s a pity though that Hart constrains his wicked style to safe targets like Trump, and doesn’t choose to go in for even more interesting lacquered cases like, oh, Ronald Reagan perhaps, who executed pretty extensive and ruthless eminent domain in Nicaragua among other places. How hilarious would that be?
5.7.2011 | 7:43pm
Mark VA says:
After the all too real evils of the roughly mid to late twentieth century, the early twentieth century's literary depictions of the devil are starting to sound a bit effeminate, or perhaps just charmingly naive.
5.7.2011 | 10:22pm
I remember that story. It was like David and Goliath. The old lady thumbed her nose at the Mighty Donald. I was so happy with the outcome.
5.7.2011 | 10:38pm
Billy Bean says:
Andrew Lyttle: Thanks for clearing that up. I shall sleep better tonight.
5.8.2011 | 8:52am
Radishman says:
This essay is the usual example of Hart's triumph of style over substance. As usual, any serious theological point is destroyed, by the desire to create an amusing and glittering surface.

Or in fact, Hart as is his wont, takes a position exactly the opposite to what the Bible said. The Bible itself having told us that it was not the devil, but was precisely, God himself, Christ himself, that was not particularly attractive:

"Isa 53:2 For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground: he hath no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, [there is] no beauty that we should desire him "
5.8.2011 | 10:19am
AL says:
@ Bop

I'm pretty sure that Ronald Reagan's been dead for some time now. I'm also pretty sure that Dr Hart would be glad to tell you what he thinks about various presidents' foreign adventures, including Reagan's. He's never been hesitant in my experience about such things.

But, just to state the obvious, the last bit about Trump in this piece has to do with 'The Donald' inserting himself into our politics right now. I have decent Republican friends who were really impressed by Trump a few weeks ago, for reasons I can't quite grasp, and seemed to forget not only that he was a pro-choice patron of Democrats just last year, but that he has always been a ruthless operator.
5.8.2011 | 10:52am
DB Hart says:
Mr Billy Bean,

No doubt you are right about me going a little too far. There's the peril of following a random train of thoughts wherever it leads, I suppose. And I really do have to grant that, while Donald Trump may occasionally be out to get someone's home, he probably has no particular designs on that person's soul.

Mea culpa.
5.8.2011 | 3:39pm
Peter says:
"Ambrose was right, of course. It is an old and delicate problem: How is any artist to make the diabolical appear diabolical without producing something merely boring and repellant?" Why, you answered this earlier on in the article, a Catholic cardinal. No news here, tragically. I think "The Donald" would fit in with the College of Cardinals quite well. Perhaps more tragic is my intuition that any number of cardinals could easily fill "The Donald's" shoes, and sell their souls for the privilege of doing so -- if they haven't done so already. My question is, WWJD? "J" of course being Jeeves.
5.9.2011 | 3:20am
dadfly says:
thank you for the proof of what i immediately suspected, i.e., "the donald" is not a conservative. and thank you for the entertaining, if rambling train of thought, concluding that mr. trump, if elected, may well be far worse than his predecessor (as the fire is to the frying pan).

mr. trump manner of weath redistribution certainly makes mr. perot look like a saint.
5.9.2011 | 12:19pm
Peter delivers his considered opinion on "the Donald" and Catholic cardinals, thusly:
" How is any artist to make the diabolical appear diabolical without producing something merely boring and repellant?" Why, you answered this earlier on in the article, a Catholic cardinal. No news here, tragically. I think "The Donald" would fit in with the College of Cardinals quite well. Perhaps more tragic is my intuition that any number of cardinals could easily fill "The Donald's" shoes, and sell their souls for the privilege of doing so -- if they haven't done so already. "

If we are going to be blunt about it, let's be blunt in an entirely ecumenical way: a much better choice for a type of the Donald would be the average Protestant minister/entrepreneur. Like the Donald, Protestant ministers cannot rely on the 2000 year legacy of their entity: their churches are at best 500 years old, and most evangelical enterprises (the growing variety of protestant church) were founded within the CEO's lifetime. Thus, like the Donald, they spend most of their time hawking themselves.

Protestants on these boards drone on endlessly about the dreariness of Catholic music, but the central "act of worship" in most Protestant churches is the minister's weekly bloviation, which often turns on himself. That is, because like the Donald himself, the average Protestant minister needs to be selling his brand (himself) full-time. So the church service becomes all about him /her.
5.10.2011 | 11:04pm
Gil costello says:
Roman Polanski did a fine portrait of the anti-Christ in his film "Ninth Gate". He is boring, non-talkative, thoroughly indifferent and lacking in joy. As a book seller without any interest in the content of books, his singular focus is getting his ten percent out of every transaction.
6.10.2011 | 10:33am
Bomba Dede says:
Chad, I immediately thought of Perelandra as well. In particular, I remember the scene where he was trying to wear Ransom out by calling his name to get his attention, then, whenever Ransom would respond, "What?" the devil would just say, "Nothing" and repeat the process all night long. It managed to be creepy and threatening without making the devil look at all appealing. It wasn't that he sought or approved any kind of admirable trait like intelligence, it was just that the slavish pursuit of of his own will forced him to pick them up and use them sometimes. But, just to state the obvious, the last bit about Trump in this piece has to do with 'The Donald' inserting himself into our politics right now. I have decent Republican friends who were really impressed by Trump a few weeks ago, for reasons I can't quite grasp, and seemed to forget not only that he was a pro-choice patron of Democrats just last year, but that he has always been a ruthless operator.
7.6.2011 | 9:54pm
eheffa says:
Of course; like all the various imaginary entities which lack any evidence for their existence, we fashion the devil in our own image. (The ever-inventive universe of our mind, abhors a vacuum.) I only have to look in the mirror to see him - how about you?

-evan
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