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X-Cons: The Conservative Mind of Generation X

“I just want to show society what people born after 1960 think about things,” said novelist Douglas Coupland, “We're sick of stupid labels, we're sick of being marginalized in lousy jobs, and we're tired of hearing about ourselves from others.”

The Canadian writer’s attempt to show what his peers thought became the popular novel, first published in 1991, Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture. While Coupland didn’t invent the label and even later denied that there was any such thing as a “Generation X,” the term soon became synonymous with the demographic cohort born between the mid-1960s and 1981. I'm a Gen-Xer, born near the middle of this generation, on August 18, 1969—the last day of Woodstock.

Generations are too broad and diverse to be constricted by such labels as the Greatest Generation, Baby Boomers, or the Nintendo Generation. Still, the terms do convey the obvious truth that a group of people born in a specific era will have much in common.

Like our forebears, Gen-Xers grew up in a time of rapid cultural, social, and technological change. We witnessed the rise and fall of disco, grunge, punk, and hair metal and the rise—and rise and rise—of hip-hop. Music was our life because everything else was too scary. Rock and roll was relatively safe compared to sex (AIDS) and drugs (crack cocaine).

We were born convinced that the world would end in a nuclear holocaust. We feared nuclear fallout from Russia and yet cheered the falling down of the Berlin Wall, never quite understanding how the change happened so quickly. We weren't exactly natural pessimist, but we were comfortable with crisis. Our climacteric childhoods were lived during a seemingly endless string of economic calamities—the oil crisis (1973), the energy crisis (1979), the savings and loan crisis (1980), Black Monday (1987). We learned not to expect a prosperous future and were written off as slackers. And yet we have become one of the most technologically innovative generations of all time.

In other words, we were just like the twelve American generations that preceded us—only slightly different.

One difference is is that unlike the Baby Boomers, we haven't had every segment of our generation analyzed and examined. Take, for instance, those of us who grew up to be culturally and politically conservative. You don't hear much about what you could call, if we weren’t weary of labels, X-Cons.


What shaped our thinking? What formed our beliefs? What does the mind of an X-Con look like?

Although this is intended only as a preliminary sketch, I want to try to provide a brief answer to these questions. My hope is that this will be a recognizable portrait and not a mere caricature. Being a composite, it won't reflect any particular individual, though it should vaguely resemble X-Cons as a culture. I have no doubt that I will need to erase some lines, draw in others, and color in the details. But I think it's worth an attempt. Ours is a generation of political conservatives that is all too often underappreciated.

• X-Cons do not have a broad grasp of history. If we have an interest in history, we are likely to have a read a few books which we hold in high esteem and consider authoritative (Paul Johnson's Modern Times is among our favorites). At best, we may have done in-depth study on a particular historical era (the American founding, the Civil War, World War II) but we lack a deep understanding of general history. We have almost no comprehension of the intellectual history of conservatism.

• Talk radio has had a profound influence in shaping our political sensibilities. Just as William F. Buckley, Jr. provided the cast for conservatism in the 1950s, Rush Limbaugh shaped the conservatism of X-Cons in the 1980s and 1990s. Limbaugh provided not only the content but the style in which we conservatives would engage in political discourse: assured, confrontational, snarky. Talk radio taught us X-Cons to appreciate confirmation of our political views. Arguments needn't be persuasive when you are certain not only that we are right and our opponents are wrong, but also that we are right and they are wrong-headed.

• With confirmation came a sense of (virtual) community and a realization that a Ph.D in Political Science wasn't required in order to express a valid opinion on politics. Imbued with a sense of confidence from a young age, we X-Cons grew comfortable expressing ourselves in a conversational style that imitated our talk radio mentors. Blogging was (and remains) a natural outlet for our mode of expression.

• Having grown-up either in a broken home or surrounded by friends who did, we X-Cons recognize the value of traditional family structures. We may not always be successful in building permanent relationships ourselves, but we value the bonds of family more than the previous generation.

• Our pro-life convictions stem from knowing that we could have been legally killed in womb—and recognizing that we are missing brothers, sisters, and cousins because of abortion.

• Irony is one of the most pervasive traits in Gen X culture. Not surprisingly, this has affected the outlook of X-Cons. For example, we tend to be ambivalent about heroes. While we have an intuitive understanding of the need for virtue and heroism, we are too realistic, and perhaps cynical, to place complete trust in politicians or statesmen. We prefer to champion ideas and principles over reliance on very real, very fallible leaders.

• In theory, X-Cons have a preference for federalism and states' rights. In actuality, our attention and focus is almost exclusively on the national level rather than on local and state politics.

• X-Cons are often apathetic about flag burning and displays of the Ten Commandments. We don’t remember when prayer was in schools and never paid much attention to the words “under God” in the pledge. Although we express an ironic detachment from the standard symbols of civil religion, we remain fiercely patriotic. Curiously, though we don't get goose bumps upon hearing “The Star Spangled Banner,” we are often stirred by patriotic kitsch like Lee Greenwood's “God Bless the USA.”

• Unlike previous generations, X-Cons do not necessarily associate conservatism with either the East Coast, the preppie-class, or Republicanism. William F. Buckley, Jr. and George Will may still command respect, but they are considered eccentric curiosities rather than exemplary models of conservative intelligentsia. X-Cons associate such elitism with liberalism and consider the GOP, rather than the Democrats, to be the party of the “little guy.”

• When we were young we read The American Spectator rather than National Review. Now that we're older we read National Review Online rather than National Review.

X-Cons tend to be extremely religious in a “mere Christianity” sort of way. Although our political views are often shaped by our theology, we are willing to cross theological lines to forge political alliances. We’re the children of the Moral Majority; we tend to be either Catholic-friendly evangelicals or evangelical-influenced Catholics. We can’t understand why conservative Protestants and Catholics fought each other rather than with the true enemy: godless liberalism.

• We have an ambivalent attitude toward pop culture. We recognize the corrosive impact that race-to-the-bottom media can have on society. Yet we are as likely to be consumers of popular media as the rest of society. Although we may rail against the worst trash our culture has to offer, we will be intimately familiar with the rubbish we are criticizing.

• X-Cons considered it axiomatic that that “mainstream media” have always had a liberal bias, which should be subverted rather than reformed. We truly believed that Fox News was the fair and balanced alternative to every new channel every on television.

• On matters of economics, X-Cons believe we stand on a firmly rooted foundation. We grew up in an era when socialism and communism where discredited as economic models, leading us to believe that free-market capitalism is not just preferred, but is the only route to freedom and prosperity. X-Cons believe that if liberals would only take a class on economics they would see the light and repent of their collectivist ways.

• Like others from their generation, X-Cons are not “joiners” in the typical sense. We are often more motivated to align in opposition than join in agreement. X-Cons vote for Republicans not because we agree with the GOP's platform (a document we've never read) but because we have a deep disdain for the views and values of Democrats.

• X-Cons are often Goldwater-style conservatives, holding views that are more individualistic than aligned with historical conservatism. We also tend to have many cafeteria libertarians, those who pick and choose from the buffet of libertarian ideology. X-Cons may, for example, be in favor of the decriminalization of marijuana while opposing the legalization of prostitution. The libertarians in our cohort tend to be less pure than those that came before or after.

• X-Cons are pragmatic idealists. We have strong faith in religion, small government, and the free market. Yet we are not Utopian and have no illusions that politics will make life much better (though we believe government can make it much worse).

• X-Cons will soon be replacing the Boomers as the dominant cohort within the movement. We’ll be fielding presidential candidates in 2016 and dominating elections in 2020. We are, for better and for worse, the future of the movement. And of America.


Joe Carter is Web Editor of First Things and the co-author of How to Argue Like Jesus: Learning Persuasion from History's Greatest Communicator. His previous articles for “On the Square” can be found here.

Comments:

5.18.2011 | 5:17am
Grace says:
The only thing in this world that is constant is change. When one generation fades out, another generation comes in. It's a continuous process of survival. For me , It doesn't matter which generation was the best or the worst, we've lived in different times and in different situations. I think each generation has done/contributed something to the society in each of their time. Everything changes but we should not forget the good things each generation has left us and we must learn from whatever mistakes done and hope for a better future for the next generations to come.
5.18.2011 | 8:12am
Brian says:
Wow... Not everything rang true, but I was surprised at the resonance I felt to so much of it. Born in August, 1970, I'm right there with you. Mind you, I don't really personally know much of anyone who is my age and intellectually conservative, so I couldn't make a lot of the same observations you do about the groups. But there's a lot there that really rings true for me.
5.18.2011 | 9:06am
Mike says:
Joe, for what it's worth - I'm a baby boomer (born 1953) and, for better or worse, much of what you wrote describes me. Very interesting summary of today's culture.
5.18.2011 | 9:06am
WestLaw says:
There are some obvious problems with X-Cons. Some hinted at by you.

One is? Many of you are 1) not much interestest in intellectual stuff - like, unfortunately, Theology. Your 2) values, including religious values, are formed by populist demogogues, talk radio conservatives. And related to that? 3) The real center of your "values" is not religion - but conservatism, one of the traditions of men.

Who will save us? Maybe Gen-X Liberals? Or? More educated folks?
5.18.2011 | 9:07am
DBP says:
I would add that though proportionately few served, this cohort exhibits a reflexive appreciation (if not outright admiration) for the U.S. military and generally expects that the only thing that could prevent victory in any conflict for the "greatest, most technologically advanced fighting force on Earth," is a lack of political will.
5.18.2011 | 9:28am
WestLaw says:
DBP:

On the other hand, the Conservatives' conviction that physical force - military might - is the way to solve all problems? Is a brutishly uninformed position. It creates bullies, unthinking thugs, brownshirts.

Can we hope for some diplomats, in conservatism? People who try to solve problems with their minds, and not their fists?
5.18.2011 | 10:15am
DBP says:
WestLaw: my comment, while descriptive of how I see that (my) generation, was not intended to be prescriptive or comprehensive.

Further, I disagree with your hyperbolic extension of my observation. Neither conservatives in general nor X-Cons in particular view physical force as the only way to solve problems. I would agree, though, that both groups would be more likely to see fists as a viable option than are pacifists by principle.
5.18.2011 | 11:22am
MattM says:
Is "The Nintendo Generation" an actual term? If so, this is one label I heartily accept....
5.18.2011 | 12:36pm
Brenda says:
Wow! That was a pretty amazing article. Born in 1960 I related to much of the article and yet there were a few parts that just made me say humm....which can be a good thing because anything that can make the mind work is a blessing. Thanks for your take on the Baby Boomers.
5.18.2011 | 1:53pm
Aimee says:
As a gen-Xer myself, I'd say that a lot of this rings true for X-libs as well. Having been on both sides, I can say that much of this--the lack of fundamental understanding of history, the reliance on certain media voices, the being-against-Republicans-rather-than-for-Democrats, and the ambivalence about pop culture--yup, all there. I do see a difference in terms of religiosity--I am, it's true, much more amenable to "right-wing Christians" (to quote my liberal Catholic friends) and much more hostile to postmodern inanity.
5.18.2011 | 4:56pm
Steve S. says:
Having been born on the tail-end of Gen-X (my parents were Baby Boomers who had kids late), a lot of this sounds very familiar. About half of it describes me personally. I have strongly traditional family values, I am ambivalent about political personalities, and irony is my humor of choice. Much of it describes people I went to college with and people I attend church with, as well as people whose political rants frequently show up in my Facebook news feed.

One additional trait I would suggest is that X-Cons appear to be much more interested in balanced budgets, both personally and politically, than were our parents. Not a few of the conservatives elected with substantial Tea Party backing have been Gen-Xers. Fiscal conservatism is partly a reaction against the conspicuous consumption of many Baby Boomers, but it's also a product of the talk-radio culture. It also helps explain the (to my mind) rather strange alliance of Ayn Rand fiscal conservatives and Jerry Falwell social conservatives.
5.18.2011 | 4:59pm
lethargic says:
I was born in 1959, so am inevitably stuffed into the Baby Boomer pigeonhole. I have never been comfortable in that slot. My mother was a proto-Boomer, in that she was a career woman, as in two-career family, well before it was "accepted" as a valid lifestyle choice. I'm not talking about working-class "have to work" two-career family, either. I grew up in conditions more like those the Gen-Xers assumed were normal than in the stereotypical Boomer idyllic 50's childhoods. I was a latchkey child before the term was coined, literally. And your column resonates with me. Many of your points are spot-on for me, more than I expected when I began reading. So I'm thinking that I'm really an X-con more than a Boomer; it's my mother who's the Boomer, though she'll deny it to her grave. Thanks for providing some insight.
5.18.2011 | 5:04pm
andrew says:
"we are often stirred by patriotic kitsch like Lee Greenwood's “God Bless the USA.”"

this song is so awful on all accounts -- principally musically -- that i thought it was a hilarious parody the first time i heard it. then i realized it wasn't a parody.

i guess i was "stirred" by it.
5.18.2011 | 5:47pm
Mariah says:
You know this is exactly the generation the Vatican through its outlets has trashed as never having been formed properly in the faith.
I think you're spot on about our generation caring about family in the traditional sense because we didn't experience any of that.
I don't know if there has ever been a more selfish generation to be born to however - the Baby Boomers. I'm not sure we're the same - only different. I think we're different.
Better cynical than delusional.
5.18.2011 | 6:12pm
MC says:
"Although our political views are often shaped by our theology, we are willing to cross theological lines to forge political alliances. We’re the children of the Moral Majority; we tend to be either Catholic-friendly evangelicals or evangelical-influenced Catholics. We can’t understand why conservative Protestants and Catholics fought each other rather than with the true enemy: godless liberalism."

Evangelicals and Catholics? Sure, let's hold hands and fight godless liberalism together!!

But not those weirdo Mormons, right Mr. Carter?
5.18.2011 | 6:48pm
Aaron says:
There is so much of what Carter talks about here that I can't possibly understand how anyone would be proud of it. For example, the seminal role of Rush Limbaugh in shaping the point of view of the X-Cons.
5.18.2011 | 8:58pm
Well done, Mr. Carter.

As a great-grandfather, born in 1939, I have observed the succeeding generations with some trepidation.

What a delight to find a "return" to conservative and sensible views of life, religion and politics. My parents, who weathered the Great Depression with NO government help, would applaud your generation of newly-awakened, independent Americans.
5.19.2011 | 12:28am
Fred Johnson says:
Great job Mr. Carter

It was great to "return" to conservative and sensible views of life, religion and politics. My parents, who weathered the Great Depression with NO government help, would applaud your generation of newly-awakened, independent Americans.
5.19.2011 | 9:38am
James Conway says:
Good to see that Mr. Carter has learned how to write like David Brooks, this kind of pop sociology is rarely enlightening at the Times and serves little purpose here.
5.19.2011 | 9:57am
mcasey says:
Great article. It's nice to see us Gen-X folks get a little attention once in a while! The first third of the article, especially, really captures the queasy realities of growing up when we did.
Funny, though, I lived through all the same events and drew almost opposite conclusions. The constant atomic threat, frequent financial crises, and growing income inequality drove me (and many friends) to deeply distrust the "free market" policies that told us that individualism and greed were the ultimate goods. Despite distrust of a government that seemed like a revolving door for the finance gods to shape the laws to fit their interests (Larry Summers, Allen Greenspan etc), we concluded that at least we could vote for political leaders (even if they ignored most of our cares), whereas the ravenous machine of the market consumed and destroyed anything in its path regardless of what we thought. It was a lonely, nervous 30 years for folks like us as we watched the country bow in supplication to the conservative behemoth, sensing that the big crash was coming. In 2008 it came. But being right, or at least vindicated, didn't feel very good just the same.
Socially, though, our part of Gen-X is closer to yours. We, too, were sickened by the slide of society into sleazy pop culture (which we saw as being fed by the free market) and most of us strongly value family and religion, although not to the exclusion of minorities like homosexuals who wanted to marry and build families too. Deeply disturbed by what we viewed as phony propaganda, we came to distrust overt shows of patriotism, preferring to serve our country quietly, with little flag waving or gushy country songs. Our aesthetic was more punk, hard-edged, honed by years of observing official manipulation going unchecked and making its way into art and music (e.g. confluence of music and advertising). I don't know anyone who worried about being aborted (do people really think that??), but just the same, many of us are pro-life (all life, not just fetuses) because we've seen how individualism and greed have cheapened peoples' view of life (what's one more dead Arab if we can get inexpensive oil?).
So, we're not that far apart. And, hey, at least we're not baby-boomers, right? More power to our nearly-forgotten generation!
5.19.2011 | 10:55am
You nailed me (born in 1970) with some of these ('pragmatic idealist' fits me well), not so much with others (I actually got a Ph.D. in political science). I look forward to reading more as you develop these ideas further.
5.19.2011 | 5:14pm
The Gnu says:
Born 1960 myself. But my brother born three years later is even more Gen X, in part because, unlike me, he is neither religious nor politically conservative, a "none-of-the-above" type of guy. I have always tended to think I was more in the "Jones" cohort. But still a lot of this resonates, the broken home, the being raised on TV, the fact that conservative views express my ideals but not my actual life. Standing for marriage but never have been married, valuing competition and hard work but not having much real experience at it, stressing the importance of middle institutions and community while living alone in the city, and insisting on Obamacare repeal even though I don't have health care, working as an adjunct with no benefits., seeing that we are amusing ourselves to death, but still an accidental virtuoso of comics, movies, and games. To will the good I find but not to do or be it. But still how can things hope to be better for future persons if no one is willing to fight for it now. At most I'm a conservative for others.
5.20.2011 | 4:16am
TonyC says:
I was born in 1968, and grew up in the 70's and 80's and connected with what was said. I wouldn't change a thing and enjoyed the freedom we all had in the 70's. Who cares what label people want to put on us?

We grew up at a time when things were less complicated, yet exciting. Children growing up today are bombarded with information from all sides, and must have greater fear of what might happen as the media report every bad event around the globe as it unfolds.

I teach my children to think independently with a possitive attitude and not to be sweyed by the media hype that exists.
5.21.2011 | 1:45am
Spiney says:
Hi, I was born in 1965 and identify with much of what you have said with a few modifications. I'm not so certain that the attitudes that effect this generation is apathy or conservatism.
As a student in a very liberal college in the mid 1980's, I think an often overlooked factor is the way we were educated. We were taught to deconstruct the world and challenge the norm by our Baby Boomer (Hippy/Postmodernist) professors. Of course by that time the "norm" was a liberal ethically undefined social order that seemed to undermine structures in society and replace them with......nothing! So naturally we sought to reconstruct some semblance of order to replace the dysfunction left to us.
I think this left us to try and marry our institutionalized "mistrust" to some more stable ideals. So it's no wonder we seem cynical and perhaps more conservative. We were able to see through the charade of a "completely free and open society" and understand we can have respect for each others individuality AND RULES to live by. These things were not contradictory! We are post/postmodernists.
5.31.2011 | 9:52am
Interesting. I was born in July 1968 and some of this resonates with me. Perhaps I am an "ex-X-Con." :)

I can't read National Review anymore (paper or pixel); it's like Talk Radio in print. I remember reading it religiously as a teenager; how the mighty have fallen. Now I subscribe to Chronicles, which is a lot like NR used to be.

I don't believe that free-market capitalism is "the only route to freedom and prosperity." I'm not looking for government bureaucrats to run our lives, but in trying to cure the historical ignorance you rightly recognize in our generation, I've come to learn that freedom and prosperity actually did exist before Adam Smith. I think we X-Cons put way too much faith in multinational corporations that have betrayed their U.S. employees. Somehow many of our generation have come to identify big business with capitalism, when, in truth, the two have very little to do with one another.

Men always will have differences of opinion, but I'm glad to see that more of our generation are examining our principles and coming to recognize that we may be wrong about some of them.
8.21.2011 | 6:38pm
Men always will have differences of opinion, but I'm glad to see that more of our generation are examining our principles and coming to recognize that we may be wrong about some of them. Wow... Not everything rang true, but I was surprised at the resonance I felt to so much of it. Born in August, 1970, I'm right there with you. Mind you, I don't really personally know much of anyone who is my age and intellectually conservative, so I couldn't make a lot of the same observations you do about the groups. But there's a lot there that really rings true for me.
9.10.2011 | 6:43pm
PCJ70 says:
Hi, I was born in 1970. Interesting although a few parts that find questionable and some I wholeheartedly agree with , I have found that the lack of fundamental understanding of history and our pro-life convictions are a bit overstated, the belief in Fiscal conservatism understated, Joe is spot on about our generation caring about family in the traditional sense, and our general acceptance of any who don't sanctimoniously harangue us. He is also right that we have been too often let down to place much trust elites, heroes, and experts.
3.26.2012 | 9:31pm
Michael says:
Joe, I think your honesty regarding the Generation-X character in modern conservatism is commendable. Born in 1968, I am Gen-X, too, and I'm educated, and religious, and Libertarian with a realist spin. I am actually a bit fearful of the Gen-X brand of conservatism because it does seem to carry such a strong disdain for education that one of the first targets of budget cuts is now the educators whom we need to educate our children. I think that the Gen-X brand of conservatism has become one of disdain for everyone else but "me." Human beings are a social species. We need each other. To be out there hacking away at structures that are needed for all of us to survive is dangerous. It also concerns me that we have taken to arguing and debate like a bad imitation of Rush Limbaugh and that we're so convinced that we're right that everyone else is not only wrong, but wrong in the head. This is a very scary formula. And the absolute conviction that Liberals are wrong because they're liberals - you have got to do something about that. If you cannot stand up and give others a good view of what you actually stand for, the GOP is going to die out, imploding on its own apathy for other human beings. I've heard countless arguments as to why Liberals are evil, but nobody can make a clear argument as to why Conservatives are good. Until that argument is made, independents aren't going to be flocking to your fold.
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