State of nature?

CB MacPherson argues in his recently reprinted The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke (Wynford Project) that Hobbes’s view of natural man did not come from study of primitive behavior but from abstracting from the actions of his civilized contemporaries: . . . . Continue Reading »

Insition and excision

In a nicely nuanced statement, Calvin notes that “there are three modes of insition” [entrance, or grafting] and “two modes of excision.” The modes of entrance into the covenant are: “the children of the faithful are ingrafted, to whom the promise belongs according to . . . . Continue Reading »

Belgic on Baptism

The Belgic Confession (Article 34) has a simply wonderful statement on baptism: “We believe and confess that Jesus Christ, who is the end of the law, made an end, by the shedding of His blood, of all other shedding of blood which men could or would make as a propitiation or satisfaction for . . . . Continue Reading »

Working with the Lord

For many, too strong an emphasis on the efficacy of baptism undermines the necessity of faith or is a form of works righteousness. But that criticism assumes that baptism is a human work. Not according to the First Helvetic Confession (1536), which states that sacraments are “not only a . . . . Continue Reading »

Sacraments of the New Society

Much recent sacramental theology has emphasized the social, political, and communal dimensions of sacramental theology. They are, in Rowan Williams’s phrasing, “sacraments of the new society” or, in Hauerwas’s terms, the signs of Christian politics and polity. This view is . . . . Continue Reading »

Augustine and saeculum

In responding to Witherington the other week, I criticized what I called the “two-step” that is evident in a good bit of Christian political thought - the move from explicitly Christian norms that apply to the church and the private sphere to “natural” norms for the public . . . . Continue Reading »

Structure in Isaiah 17

Isaiah 17:7-8 has a complex structure, revolving around two different verbs for “look” or “see.” Following the Hebrew word order, we have this structure in verse 7: A. Looks ( sha’ah ) B. Adam C. on his Maker B’. his eyes C’. to the Holy One of Israel . . . . Continue Reading »

Rebuke and Wind

The nations roar and murmur like the sea (Isaiah 17:12), like the formless waters of the first creation (Genesis 1:2). Then God speaks, and the nations scatter like chaff and become as helpless as dust in a tornado (v. 13). The Lord sends out His Rebuke and His Wind, and the nations are calmed. God . . . . Continue Reading »

Harvest of Judgment

In Jesus’ parables, the judgment is often pictured as a harvest. That metaphor works because harvest involves separation of tares and wheat, of grain and chaff. Yet, it is a somewhat ambiguous image, since harvest is also a time of rejoicing and feasting. Isaiah 17:4-6 brings out another . . . . Continue Reading »

Smyrrhna

JPM Sweet points out that the Greek word “Smyrna” means myrrh, the perfume given to Jesus by the magi and, importantly, part of the mix of spices used for Jesus’ burial (John 19:29). Jesus, the one who was dead and now lives, the one who was anointed with myrrh in His death and . . . . Continue Reading »