Sweet Home

In a letter to the TLS, Susan M. Fitzpatrick admits that she was wrong about Alabama: “Two decades ago I moved from my home city of New York, to a town in Alabama with the great trepidation a New Yorker faces when relocating to the deep South. Most of my friends sympathized with my feelings . . . . Continue Reading »

Art History, the dark side

Museums exude a peaceable calm. Voices are hushed as if in the presence of the sacred, everything is arranged with symmetry. All is decent and in order, and it seems that the collection sprang into existence from nothing, or that each item was a generous donation from the artist or the product of . . . . Continue Reading »

Bearing Sin

Fredrik Hagglund ( Isaiah 53 in the Light of Homecoming After Exile (Forschungen Zum Alten Testament) ) argues against the common notion that Isaiah 53 is about the atoning suffering of Yahweh’s Servant. The Servant’s suffering is vicarious (i.e., he suffers for the sins of others) but . . . . Continue Reading »

Word & Spirit

Animals have “soul” (Heb. nephesh ). Like Adam, they are living souls, self-animated breathers. Occasionally, Scripture speaks of animals as “spirits” or as having “spirit” ( ruach ; land animals in Genesis 7:22; “spirits of all flesh” in Numbers . . . . Continue Reading »

Before the ark

Hebrews 9:4 makes the strange claim that the golden altar of incense was part of the equipment of the Most Holy Place, the “second sanctuary” beyond the “second veil.” This seems to directly contradict the Torah, which says that Moses put the altar in front of the veil . . . . Continue Reading »

How Does Architecture Mean?

In a TLS review of several books on ancient perception, material, and architecture Peter Thonemann notes the dominance of circular architecture in “prehistoric” Europe, and asks whether this form carried some kind of symbolic weight. He cites an Athenian example: “The best-known . . . . Continue Reading »

Raising Israel

Yahweh assures grieving Zion that she will see her children again (Isaiah 49:20-21). Dead children will reappear, and Zion will ask in astonishment, “Who has begotten these for me, since I have been bereaved of my children?” (v. 21). This is not merely a return from exile. It’s a . . . . Continue Reading »

Justification by knowledge?

The NASB translates Isaiah 53:11, in part, as “by His knowledge the Righteous One, My Servant, will justify the many.” Based on the discussion in Hagglund’s Isaiah 53 in the Light of Homecoming After Exile (Forschungen Zum Alten Testament) (73-77), I find this questionable on two . . . . Continue Reading »

Demystifying the scapegoat

Hagglund ( Isaiah 53 in the Light of Homecoming After Exile (Forschungen Zum Alten Testament) , 50-1) notes the parallels between the complaint Psalms and Isaiah 53: “The individual complaint psalms . . . begin with an invocation of YHWH. Then the complaint proper and a petition to YHWH often . . . . Continue Reading »