Deists and Anti-Semitism

McDermott ( Jonathan Edwards Confronts the Gods: Christian Theology, Enlightenment Religion, and Non-Christian Faiths , 151) doesn’t exonerate orthodox Christianity from responsibility for modern anti-Semitism, but he points to the large role played by Deist attacks on the uniqueness of . . . . Continue Reading »

Light to the Gentiles

God waited to send His Son, but, Edwards argued, he did not wait to shine light to the Gentiles. According to Edwards, God’s actions throughout the Old Testament era were designed to catch the world’s attention, not just Israel’s. As McDermott ( Jonathan Edwards Confronts the . . . . Continue Reading »

Provoked to Jealousy

In his Jonathan Edwards Confronts the Gods: Christian Theology, Enlightenment Religion, and Non-Christian Faiths , Gerald McDermott notes that Edwards saw “provocation to jealousy” as a recurring pattern of history: “God, he discovered, uses jealousy as a redemptive tool to . . . . Continue Reading »

Number games

In an essay on the chronologer Joseph Scaliger in Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450-1800 , Anthony Grafton remarks on the work of Gottfried Buchholzer, whom he calls “one of the most serious Protestant chronologers”: He “tabulated . . . . Continue Reading »

War on Janus

Romulus’s use of a 10-month calendar has long been one of the puzzles of early Roman chronology and history. Why would he introduce such time-keeping. The polymathic Guillaume Postel had a theory: “Pretending that he wished to establish a beginning for the year in Mars’s honor, he . . . . Continue Reading »

Generating modernity

Procreation, Aristotle said, is like building a house. The carpenter’s role in house-building helps us understand “how the male makes its contribution to generation.” The semen males emit in sexual generation “is not part of the fetation as it develops,” just as a . . . . Continue Reading »

Murder, Incest, Stabbing

Locke begins the third book of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding by arguing that knowledge is founded on fairly certain simple ideas that represent sensible qualities. So far, it seems, so Cartesian. But Locke is also aware that the mind freely constructs certain concepts out of the simple . . . . Continue Reading »

Virtue and rewards

It has long been said that virtue is its own reward. This notion is particularly set against any “instrumentalization” of virtue, any notion that virtue is a means to achieve some other end. We are good because it is good to be good, not because being good is rewarded with some other . . . . Continue Reading »

Charitable art

In the NYTBR , Margo Rabb discusses the frequent experience of disillusionment that readers have when they meet the authors of books they love. When they aren’t perfectly loathsome, writers are often smaller, less witty than the constructed persona of the “author.” But then . . . . Continue Reading »