Transubstantiation and humiliation

Kereszty acknowledges that recent theologians have objected to the “reification” of Christ’s presence in some scholastic theology: “They insist that the sacraments are a personal encounter between human beings and Jesus Christ himself.”  Talk of a change in the . . . . Continue Reading »

Why music?

Listen to the first four minutes of the first movement (Andante grave) of Prokofiev’s Cello Sonata in C Major, and ask yourself: Woudln’t you be content if these four minutes summed up the story of your life? . . . . Continue Reading »

Medieval Degeneration

In his Wedding Feast of the Lamb , Roch Kereszty briefly summarizes some of the ways that the Eucharist degenerated in the late medieval period: “Instead of stressing the building up of Christ’s body the church as the ultimate effect of the Eucharist, the Late Middle Ages saw the . . . . Continue Reading »

Arguments from Prophecy

Faustus complained that arguments from prophecy led only to vicious circles.  ”Believe in Jesus because of the prophets, he imagines a Christian telling a pagan.  ”I don’t believe the Hebrew prophets,” the pagan replies.  ”But Jesus endorses the Hebrew . . . . Continue Reading »

Wars of Decontamination

Following the lead of Natalie Zemon Davis, Mack Holt writes that the French “Wars of Religion” were truly religious wars, but then adds that “religion” has to be understood in a sixteenth century sense.  He denies that “three generations of French men and women . . . . Continue Reading »

Canonization and charism

Weber argued that “Most, though not all, canonical sacred collections became officially established against secular or religiously offensive augmentations as a consequence of a struggle between various competing groups and prophecies for the control of the community.”  Christianity . . . . Continue Reading »

Use of Argument

Austin Farrer commented, in an essay on CS Lewis’s apologetics: “though argument does not create conviction, the lack of it destroyed belief.  What seems to be proved may not be embraced; but what no one shows the ability to defend is quickly abandoned.  Rational argument does . . . . Continue Reading »

Nationalism as Religion

Carolyn Marvin and David Ingle claim that nationalism is a religion.  In particular, American civil religion is a religion, sustained by violence and blood-letting, focused on the sacred “totem” of the American flag ( Blood Sacrifice and the Nation: Totem Rituals and the American . . . . Continue Reading »

Catholic America

William Cavanugh notes ( The Myth of Religious Violence: Secular Ideology and the Roots of Modern Conflict ): “although Jefferson was responsible for the complete separation of church and state in Virginia, Jefferson wrote in the language of medieval Christianity about the preservation of . . . . Continue Reading »

Paul Among Greeks

Sarah Ruden’s Paul Among the People: The Apostle Reinterpreted and Reimagined in His Own Time examines Paul’s ethical pronouncements in the context of Greco-Roman morals and literature, with some interesting results.  Paul comes off as revolutionary and subversive on precisely . . . . Continue Reading »