Liberty

The word “liberty” (deror) is rarely used in the Hebrew Bible, and the terms for its use are set by Leviticus 25, the laws of Jubilee. There, liberty includes the freeing of slaves, as whenZedekiah proclaims liberty to slaves (Jeremiah 34:8-16). But the specific liberty that is . . . . Continue Reading »

Art of Thought

The Hebrew Bible speaks of “thought,” but by that it rarely means what we think of as “abstract” or “pure” thought. Ancient Hebrews gave thought to things in order to set their purposes and develop their plans. Thought was forward-looking, oriented to practical . . . . Continue Reading »

Not clearing the guilty

While eschewing Marcionism, Eric Siebert attempts to distinguish between the textual and the actual God and argues that “ some Old Testament portrayals of God do not accurately reflect God’s character” ( Disturbing Divine Behavior: Troubling Old Testament Images of God ). But his . . . . Continue Reading »

Texts of Violence

In a 2004 article in Word & World , Terence Fretheim claims that several texts of the Old Testament attribute violence (Heb. hamas ) to God. Only one is a convincing example. In Job 19:7, Job cries out against the “violence” done to him. He has just complied that Yahweh “has . . . . Continue Reading »

Winking at sin

Summing up a survey of the Bible’s use of combat myths, Jon Levenson ( Creation and the Persistence of Evil , 24) says: “God’s visible victory over the enemies of order is in the past. The present is bereft of the signs of divine triumph. It is a formidable challenge to faith and . . . . Continue Reading »