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Elizabeth Scalia

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The Efficacy of “No”

A few years ago, a neighbor and I were wending our way through a small gallery featuring the work of local artists, when we were stopped in our tracks by a large canvas, or board, from which hung a dozen one-gallon freezer bags containing colorful liquids purporting to be health and beauty products: shampoo, conditioner, feminine hygiene stuffs.

My neighbor, who tends toward the positive—even if she must stretch to do it—cooed, “What a statement that is! We women really are enslaved to all that!”

”Wait,” I said. “How do you know that’s what the artist means? Maybe this is saying that women are just bags of chemicals, and transparent and shallow, to boot!”

”Oh, be serious,” she said, thinking I was not. “This speaks to me! It says we need to love ourselves and accept ourselves as we are! And it says that we are vibrant, like all the colors in the rainbow!”

”No, come on,” I said, “This seems like something an over-praised 14 year-old would show at the junior high. It screams, “Look, Mom, I’m an artist!”

The creator, we were informed by a woman who seemed to be a cog in the gallery wheel, was studying at a distinguished art school in Manhattan, and her display was meant to “raise the consciousnesses of women” who were too quick to conform to social norms of beauty.

”Well if that’s all she’s saying,” I said, channeling Flannery O’Connor, “then to hell with it. Women’s consciousnesses have been raised so high for so long that we’re breathing thin air. We could use some oxygen.”

My neighbor moaned audibly and began to move away. For her sake, I resisted the urge to suggest the display be renamed “Huffer’s Delight,” with an accompanying warning that whiffing tired feminist tropes could be as brain-deadening as inhaling Reddi-Wip.

The gallery lady suggested that art requires an open mind, in order to be fully appreciated.

”What it requires,” I shrugged, “are some parameters defining what constitutes art, and what is merely a silly comment to the passing age.” To me the thing seemed lazy, pretentious, adolescent and unskilled.

My neighbor, by this time, had moved into another room.

”Art should not be restricted,” the woman began, “explorations with non-traditional media helps to expand perspectives, which is a process.”

”I grant you that,” I said, “but shouldn’t the expanded perspectives reach for more than, ‘Look what I did. Ain’t I a stinker?’”

I recalled this episode after a recent conversation with a young writer who was enduring a rare bout of writer’s block. “It happens,” I told him. “Especially when you are prolific, eventually something will fall flat; a few weeks ago I let something of mine go to print and later realized that the allusion upon which I had staked the whole piece really didn’t work, at all. When that happens, it’s humbling.

”It’s liberating, in a way, to know you’re going to have to phone some stuff in,” he said. “It makes you less of a perfectionist, which in the end, probably makes you more creative.”

He may have a point. Nothing quite so humbles as a tumble, and humility is often the deep place where creativity resides. When a successful artist or writer becomes so insulated from criticism that he never comprehends a failure, or when he has gone a decade or two without hearing the word “no” spoken in his direction, he has no friction, thus no traction; things become too easy. You hear an abundance of “yes” and very little “no,” and before you know it, you have nothing to say and no driving need to say it, so you coast on what you’ve done before. Think about it; what was the last great Steven Spielberg film? When was the last time Billy Joel or Stevie Wonder shouted out a tune you just couldn’t get out of your head?

A gift given is always there, but perhaps a little resistance brings the heat and hunger that keeps one growing and energetically reaching out. Perhaps the young artist who had filled her bags with product had tumbled a little, but if she was phoning it in, wouldn’t she have benefited from the small humiliation of a “no” from someone challenging her to do better, rather than being validated by a “yes” that sets her up for coasting? Cosseting seldom if ever translates into greatness.

In Rome I visited a church whose interior was embellished down to the inch. The floors seemed alive with design—the walls were covered with images and statues and on the ceiling trompe l’oeil and sculpture were merged so seamlessly that the viewer’s dimensional perceptions were roiled; one could only drop the jaw in wonder and give in to a transcendent sensory shift and elevation. Simply to step outside on to the concrete felt like a crash-landing.

The anonymous artisans who created that otherworldly space were not speaking to a passing moment, but to Eternity. Unlike our modern artists, whose every lazy smear or digital sample is met with an emphatic gush of “yes” in a permissive era, these people lived in a difficult society of classes and constraints—civic and church-minded “noes,” where instincts and desires were rarely acted upon. Their energies were instead subsumed into art and their skills—their obedience to the disciplines of craft and their mastery of media—were such that half a millennium later their work is still alive, still communicating from age to awestruck age.

Art needn’t be eternal, but shouldn’t it speak to more than passing trends? If it is not seeking to transcend shouldn’t it at least transport? I once spent ninety transfixed minutes seated before Jackson Pollock’s Lavender Mist, quite mesmerized. By comparison, the bags of shampoo said their piece in mere seconds, and the rest was silence. A gimmick short on concept and shorter on craft, the display was unable to say, “Behold, something greater than me. Or you.”

That brings us, again, to humility. If you believe in something greater than yourself, however obliquely, you are always a bit of a beggar, which is not a bad thing in creation. It keeps you hungry, and reaching out.

Elizabeth Scalia is the Managing Editor of the Catholic Portal at Patheos and blogs as The Anchoress. Her previous articles for “On the Square” can be found here.

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Comments:

5.17.2011 | 6:36am
DVO says:
IMHO, the next great Steven Spielberg movie will be the first great Steven Spielberg movie. :P
5.17.2011 | 6:43am
Harris Tweed says:
Very nice! Three cheers. I especially like the bit at the beginning about the visit to the art gallery. I have become so disillusioned by so-called "art" by so-called "artists" that I rarely visit them anymore.

There are some very, very good artists out there, but the politically correct hacks and knaves seem to rule the roost. One rarely hears about the true artists.
5.17.2011 | 6:59am
Sophia Mason says:
I was right with you--until it came to Jackson Pollock! Not a fan.

But "humility is often the deep place where creativity resides" is spot on. I can't count the number of times I've heard criticism of my own work--and hated to hear it--and then gone back to look at what I'd done, and realized that yes, the critic was right: it could be much better. It's a strangely freeing thing to realize that your work's not perfect; it takes away that false fear of "spoiling" the art, and gives you leave to REVISE!
5.17.2011 | 7:46am
John Thomas says:
I don't know how it's done in the US, but here in Britain, so much funding for the arts (like science, eduction, etc.) comes ultimately from the government, and so if you're not PC , and if you're counter-cultural, you don't have much of a chance.
5.17.2011 | 8:00am
Shane says:
Don't Mess with Steven Spielburg =)
5.17.2011 | 8:19am
Sparki says:
Yes! Yes! YEEEESSSSS!

Why can't other people see it that way? Particularly art professors and gallery operators?
5.17.2011 | 8:23am
David Nickol says:
There is certainly a lot to agree with here. However, about saying "no" to artists, I am not sure that is the problem. When I moved to New York after graduating from college, most of my friends (and friends of my friends) were aspiring artists, many of them very talented. What I learned from knowing them is that it is very difficult for artists to get their work shown. "No" is far from an unfamiliar word to an aspiring artist trying to get his or her work shown in a gallery. Rather than not saying no enough, more probably the gatekeepers in the art business are just saying no to the wrong people.
5.17.2011 | 8:27am
Richard says:
My immediate response to the thoughts in this column take me to a quote from Pablo Picasso:

The World Today Doesn’t Make Sense, So Why Should I Paint Pictures That Do?
5.17.2011 | 8:38am
Ken says:
I was right with you--until it came to Jackson Pollock! Not a fan.

I understand people not liking Pollock, but a piece like Lavender Mist at least gives you a lot to look at. Can anyone imagine spending 90 minutes with a piece of "conceptual" art? Most of what I've seen has no more visual interest than the piece Scalia describes here. I want both concept and its realization.
5.17.2011 | 9:25am
Paula says:
I love your statement, "nothing quite so humbles as a tumble". Perhaps this artist has appeased the PC world but history shows that such moments often become one hit wonders. Eventually someone buys it thinking it with enrich their personal art gallery only to realize they have a bag of grocery store product which cost them $50,000.
5.17.2011 | 9:26am
chuck says:
This reminds me of something I once said to a publisher. "God created critics so we would have people to laugh at."
5.17.2011 | 9:35am
Fred says:
Just playing devil's advocate for a minute here, I haven't seen the piece, so I can't really comment on it specifically, but is there anything about the color scheme, textures, and arrangements of the liquids that might indicate a bit of craft or an aesthetic sense underlying the PC BS? If so, then maybe it's better than it seems. If not, never mind.
5.17.2011 | 10:06am
T.B.Root says:
I like this, but I'm still stuck on the part about women being enslaved by health and beauty products. Women are oppressed by shampoo? But I thought Helen Reddy sang that women were "strong" and "invincible." I'm confused. I've spent my life among women, and they don't seem weak to me. Perhaps I need my consciousness raised.
5.17.2011 | 10:10am
Lily says:
This is an especially potent topic while the debate over "Common" in the White House rages on. Poetry, my arse.
5.17.2011 | 10:32am
Mutnodjmet says:
Great piece, despite the heart-ache of the loss of the original draft. :)

My hope is that, as often happens, the next generation will rebel from the pretentiousness on display here. So, my son's generation will hold up artists on the caliber of Da Vinci and Michelangelo up for praise and profit. With the rise of the Internet and the new media, it becomes easier to promote the efforts of non-elite talents.

I must admit, I never go to the Modern Art sections of Museum -- I detest most of what is offered, and prefer to concentrate on pieces that actually required talent to produce.
5.17.2011 | 11:13am
jm says:
Which church in rome? Il Gesu or Sant'Ignazio? (those are the two that quickly came to mind)
5.17.2011 | 11:38am
jm says:
jm, I'm describing Il Gesu! That's very good!
5.17.2011 | 11:47am
Kudos, Elizabeth! You have spoken what we all know-- that the Emperor has no clothes!
5.17.2011 | 11:56am
Sophia Mason says:
"Rather than not saying no enough, more probably the gatekeepers in the art business are just saying no to the wrong people."

Yes, I hope that's it!
5.17.2011 | 12:07pm
Buddy Eades says:
This was a great quote - "Nothing quite so humbles as a tumble, and humility is often the deep place where creativity resides. When a successful artist or writer becomes so insulated from criticism that he never comprehends a failure, or when he has gone a decade or two without hearing the word “no” spoken in his direction, he has no friction, thus no traction; things become too easy. You hear an abundance of “yes” and very little “no,” and before you know it, you have nothing to say and no driving need to say it, so you coast on what you’ve done before."

How often in life as in faith - we are brought to the place where we are most creative and also most open to the work of God in our lives as a result of humbling experiences. This connects to the very nature of Christ and his gospel work as well - Humility before Exaltation. Philippians 2.

Great Blog post!
5.17.2011 | 12:24pm
It is easier for people to say no instead of thinking and, more important, feeling what art is meant to be.
5.17.2011 | 12:52pm
Jean says:
Gee, if that's all it takes to be an artist, I threw a cornucopia of 'things' of unknowable origin out of my refigirator this morning. Bet if I'd put them in baggies and hung them from anything they could have made me a lot of money!!!!!!!!! Some of the growths were actually quite colorful and not all that disgusting. Oh, the things that lurk in the back of the frig waiting to be found.KGH
5.17.2011 | 5:00pm
Harry Murphy says:
People who say No are Skeptic, i agree to ganhar.

great Post!
5.17.2011 | 7:45pm
Dynan says:
All art is created.
Some art insults our Parent personality.
Some art insults our Adult personality.
Some art insults our Child personality.
Some art insults all three.
Some "art" isn't even art.
5.17.2011 | 7:56pm
Greta says:
That to a large extent is what has been increasingly wrong with the USA. At one point, America was all about competition which included success, but more often failure. We were told that we can learn more from a failure any day than a success. Then along came the crowd that said we should never hurt the self esteem of young people and so everyone started to get a ribbon and told they were all winners. This also went into our schools, companies, and government. With this type of thought process, everyone became a loser. Can we become over competitive? Absolutely, as some parents demonstrate in every event. I think the phrase humbles with tumbles is excellent. Letting our kids fail and learning to deal with the failure and the humbling experiece is essential to getting back on track.

The same is true of our companies where we heard to big to fail propping up companies that were not competitive rather than letting them fail and create something new made little sense to me. We now see that cars being produced by these companies show no real lessons were learned as they continue to produce cars no one will buy a second time.

But the real failure is the government. Starting with FDR and continuning with LBJ, Carter, and Obama, we have created a federal government never intended by the founders and frankly should have been ruled unconstitutional. Of course it was ruled that way until FDR threatened them with packing the court and they caved. Now we have judges in office for life legislating from the bench with empathy rather than equal justice for all and by the wording of the constititution that have turned our country into something that seems out of control and almost unstoppable without revolution. I think it all starts with the false premise that life should be equal in outcome for all and the government should make it that way.
5.17.2011 | 8:04pm
Lance says:
Excellent column! I remember reading in college that John Lennon first met Yoko Ono, a "conceptual artist", at an exhibition where she had placed an apple under glass and let it gradually rot. I spoke about this to my art professor and told him that most modern art seemd to me more like a one-liner than a work of art -- after the initial surprise at what it is doing (and a good laugh), it needs never be thought of again. Art should be able to be returned to again and again with deeper appreciation, not yawned at like a joke one has already heard. He agreed -- thus vindicating (in my eyes) perhaps the only useful aethetic judgment I have ever made.
5.17.2011 | 8:33pm
Ken says:
Greta,
you sound like you listen to Rush and watch Fox all day long. I don't deny that there is something in what you say, but if you want to understand history, you have to give the other side equal time.

Mutnodjmet,
don't confuse modernism with contemporary art, and don't presume that since you don't like something it took no talent to conceive of or produce.
5.17.2011 | 10:05pm
TeaPot562 says:
Ms. Scalia, near the end of your column, you discuss the artisans who designed the interiors of certain churches in Rome as being constrained by classes and conventions of their day, and (paraphrasing) seldom acting on impulses. This may suggest that great art often or always coexists with virtue.
The Lord seems to distribute artistic ability almost randomly in terms of the characters of those who receive it. Consider W.A. Mozart as a music example and Benvenuto Cellini as a sculpture and renaissance artist. Neither seems an example of virtue (in keeping the Commandments) to be emulated; both seemed often to "give in to impulses"; yet both have constructed art still admired several centuries later.
Did enjoy your comments on the shampoos in plastic.
TeaPot562
5.17.2011 | 10:22pm
Aqua Sun says:
That's right.. No always helps strong and bright people to be stronger and brighter, to grow themselves. But I do believe that it should be very delicate balance between yes and no. Many talented people are very touchy, shy and bashful. They may be genius, but they need a lot of encouragement to show their masterpieces... No will kill them..
5.18.2011 | 4:30am
There is no doubt that a great deal of Art is pretentious. I once came across a piece in the museum of Modern Art in Rome, back in 1958. It was in the midst of excellent paintings. It was a large brown piece of matting, with a brown bag stuck with a nail at the centre. I cannot remember tyhe name. I remember our laughter as we passed it by. On coming back we came across two young women talking in paragraphs as Roman ladies do: they were expressing amazement at the astonishing "transendentalita" of this ugly piece of sacking. It must be an inner tendency to seek something artistic where there is only rubbish. When you walk into any Church in Rome, you are always blown away by the reach of the artists who managed to express a beauty that lasts for hundreds of years. The old pieces of sacking, the stupid bags of colour all fade away into oblivion, thank God. Only the real artist lasts. All you have to do is sit mesmerized before the Pieta.
5.18.2011 | 8:53am
andrew says:
if God is the "real artist," then why isnt' everything -- all that is seen and unseen -- art? why isn't a urinal art?

i don't think it matters whether or not a word is useful, only that terms be clear and propositions be true.
5.18.2011 | 9:46am
WestLaw says:
It's not just modern art, but all of art, that is pretentious. But especially all religious art. Both new and old, abstract or representative.

Why is all religious art presumptuous? Many theologians have said that God himself is so complex, that any pictorial effort to portray him, will inevitably fall short.

And so? All pictures, paintings of religious subjects, especially pictures of God, will inevitably be in effect, heresies. That is why many religions, iconoclastically, do not allow pictorial representations of God himself.
5.18.2011 | 11:07am
lordsomber says:
If more artists would consider that their work might outlive themselves, perhaps they would put greater thought into what they are trying to say.
If they are indeed trying to say something.

Memento mori.
5.18.2011 | 3:31pm
Peg says:
WestLaw, I think it is more complicated than that. As I understand it, Islam prohibits depictions of organic material (but not abstract subjects) because to do so mimics the creative action of God. They would see it, I think, as mockery and/or arrogance. Judaism was concerned with idol-worshipping. The origin of medieval Byzantine iconoclasm is not certain, but some historians suspect the influence of encroaching Islam on that part of Christendom. WEstern Christianity and some brave Byzantine monks fought against iconoclasm. Their argument was that unlike Judaism and Islam, Christianity is an incarnational religion, Jesus Christ was a human person (as well as divine) and so can be depicted. Some Christians (Roman Catholic, Orthodox) deliberately seek to bring in all the five senses into worship---thus incense, sacramentals, ritual gesture (genuflection, breast beating, etc.), music, and visual art.

Lance: your aesthetic insight about art is similar to one I read about literature. IN that case, the question was "what makes a work a "classic"? The answer was a work that brings the reader back again and again, to discover new meanings, new questions, new insights, etc.
5.19.2011 | 6:16am
Westlaw says:
Peg:

The arguments against all representational art - especially say "Conservative" religious pictures - are indeed complicated. But a current First Things article - "Taking Conservatives Seriously," by Eric Bugyis (SP?), May 19, 2011 - suggests a sound theological grounds against all depictions of God, and especially "conservative" depictions, for example:

"Thomas Aquinas, in his Summa Theologiae, argued not only that our empirical inquiries are fallible, due to the fact that they treat objects that are finite and always changing, but our theological inquiry is also subject to continued scrutiny, because, though our “object of study” is unchanging, our finite minds cannot grasp the infinite reality of God. Thus, we have to constantly rethink our traditional ideas of God so as to avoid the kind of prideful idolatry that claims to have rationally exhausted knowledge of the Divine. The “conservative” who finds it necessary to preserve the constancy of tradition for fear of having to revise, complicate, or shatter “traditional ideas” is not suffering from a particular intellectual idiosyncrasy; for Aquinas, such a person is simply wrong about how ideas work, not to mention potentially heretical."
5.19.2011 | 8:35am
Peg says:
Hi, WestLaw:

I would not have linked Aquinas' comments to artistic depictions of God, but can see how someone else might. This application would be similar to Islamic objections to depictions of God (or, in their case, any created being).

Most traditional Catholic art does not, I think, actually depict God the Father or the Holy Spirit. I am speaking of great art---medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, etc. God the Father is often shown simply as a hand emerging from a cloud; the Holy Spirit is depicted as a dove, or as fire, or as a beam of light. A big exception is Michelangelo's painting of the creation of Adam on the Sistine ceiling. Another exception might be the famous Old Testament Trinity icons of the eastern Christian tradition, although even there the figures are stylized. I can't think of any orthodox icons that show God the Father or the Holy Spirit (except as hands, fire, etc.) but I am not sure of that.

Some monastic orders eschew art (Cistercians for example), although that might be more a matter of avoiding distraction if we can believe St. Bernard.

I can certainly understand someone reaching the theological understanding that the infinite God must not be shown in art, but I do not really share it. I suppose such a person might approve of abstract depictions---I am thinking of the beautiful stained glass window that Gerhard Richter designed for Cologne Cathedral. It is a powerful representation of the traditional Catholic symbolism of light. I love it. Not everyone does, though, and I get that, too. Not everyone is a mystic, not everyone responds to aesthetic or theological theories about light and the like. I think most of the faithful are helped by representative religious art. I am glad the church contains art for all types. I wish it was more careful about quality, though.

Your observation is worth consideration, and indeed the church has struggled with it in the past. The conclusion to the Iconoclastic Controversy was long in coming and dealt precisely with the issue you raised.
5.20.2011 | 11:07am
Sophia Mason says:
Peg and WestLaw,

May I jump in and respectfully disagree somewhat with you both?!

Regarding the paraphrase of St. Thomas: while St. Thomas is certainly arguing that we cannot grasp God, I don't think he intends to say that we shouldn't TRY. St. Thomas himself spent a good bit of his life working as a theologian, and his work, especially his Summa, has been repeatedly cited by Roman Catholic scholars and Christians in general as being, if not 100% reliable (what human work is?) then awfully close. St. Thomas would be the first person to say that no one's work, his own included, can enable us to grasp God. He would be the last person to throw up his hands and quit trying to understand God at all. "If a thing is worth doing, it's worth doing badly." (GKC)

So it is with art. No artistic representation will ever come close to showing God as he is; but even so those representations (like the "factoids" about God that a good theologian can prove) help us to come closer to him in this life. Any theologian or artist who becomes too attached to his particular attempt at representation (in a "kind of prideful idolatry") is of course committing a sin. Representations--like most other things in this world--may therefore be the occasions of sin or of grace, depending upon the disposition and intentions of the artist and the viewer.

Regarding images of God in Catholic art--this is a comparatively minor point--I think representations of God the Father are not all that uncommon. Try running a google image search for starters! Among other works you might consider Raffaello's Creation of the Animals; Paolo's Expulsion from Paradise (which interestingly portrays God as surrounded by Seraphim); the Annunciations by Barocci, Zuccaro, and numerous other artists; Dossi's Nativity; Titian's Assumption; and many, many artists' Last Judgments.
6.5.2011 | 1:33pm
Yenglin Nell says:
I must admit, I never go to the Modern Art sections of Museum -- I detest most of what is offered, and prefer to concentrate on pieces that actually required talent to produce. Ms. Scalia, near the end of your column, you discuss the artisans who designed the interiors of certain churches in Rome as being constrained by classes and conventions of their day, and (paraphrasing) seldom acting on impulses. This may suggest that great art often or always coexists with virtue.
6.10.2011 | 9:33pm
Ms. Scalia, near the end of your column, you discuss the artisans who designed the interiors of certain churches in Rome as being constrained by classes and conventions of their day, and (paraphrasing) seldom acting on impulses. This may suggest that great art often or always coexists with virtue. The same is true of our companies where we heard to big to fail propping up companies that were not competitive rather than letting them fail and create something new made little sense to me. We now see that cars being produced by these companies show no real lessons were learned as they continue to produce cars no one will buy a second time.
9.28.2011 | 8:00am
"Art needn’t be eternal, but shouldn’t it speak to more than passing trends?"

I totally agree!

I really enjoyed reading this post.

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